All Formulas

volume

volume

v=L^3

Density

d=m/v

velocity

v=d/t

accleration

a=v/t

work

w=Fxd

Power

P= W/t or energy/t

1kg = ___ grams

1000

frequency

f= # of cycles/sec

frequency (hZ)

1 cycle/sec

frequency (KHz)

1000 cycles/sec

frequency (MHz)

1,000,000 cycles/sec

propagation speed

c = f x wavelength

Intensity

I= P/A or I^2

Stiffness/impedance

Z=1/K or 1/e

2 way distance

d= c x (t/2)

1 way distance

d=c x t

Pulse Duration

PD = T x #of cycles/pulse

Spatial pulse length

wavelength x (# of cycles/pulse)

Quality Factor

fo/BW

Pulse Repetition Frequency

# of pulse/sec

Pulse Repetition Period

1/PRF

BUR

SP/SA

Duty Factor

PD/PRP

Bandwidth

highest f - lowest f

fractional bandwidth

BW/fo

PRF for imaging

4-15kHz

PRF for Doppler

5-30kHz

cycles per pulse for imaging

2-3

cycles per pulse for Doppler

5-30

DF of CW

1

Imaging DF range

.1-1%

Doppler DF range

.5-5%

-3dB

reduction by 1/2

-10dB

reduction by 1/10

Specular Reflector

T=1-R

Angle of incidence =

angle of reflection

Attenuation

Att = ac x f x path length

attenuation coefficient of soft tissue

.5 dB/cm (for 1 MHz)

HVL of soft tissue

6cm/f

sin of 0˚

0

sin of 30˚

.5

sin of 45˚

.707

sin of 60˚

.866

sin of 90˚

1

Reflection coefficent

(Z1-Z2/Z1+Z2)^2

Continuity

Q=Va (area)

Reflection

8LV/πr^4

Doppler Shift

fd= fR-fT

fd = 2/c (v x fT x cosθ)

Poiseuilles

ΔPπr^2/8LV

Cos 0˚

1

cos 60˚

.5

cos 90˚

0

cos 180˚

-1

PRF

#of foci x LD x FR

Attenuation

ac x f x path length

snells law

sin anglei/sin anglet = ci/ct

transmission coefficient

T=1-R

Reflection coefficient

(z1-Z2/Z1+Z2)²

Resistance

R=8Lv/pier^4

Volumetric flow rate/poiselles

Q= deltaPxpiexr^4/8Lv

Deltap/R