P&P2 IMAGES

Tuberculosis (TB), Soft Tissues

What pathology is shown in Figure 1 (Scanning magnification)?

Langhans giant cell

What specific cell type, a multinucleated cell, is indicated by a pointer in Figure 1, typically found in granulomas?

Peripherally located nuclei

What defining characteristic should one look for to identify a Langhans type giant cell in Figure 1?

Tuberculous lymphadenitis

What pathology is shown in Figure 2 (Scanning magnification)?

Tuberculous lymphadenitis

What pathology is shown in Figure 3 (LPO magnification)?

Tuberculous lymphadenitis

What pathology is shown in Figure 4 (LPO magnification)?

Caseous necrosis and Langhans Giant Cell

What two specific structures are pointed out in Figure 5 (HPO magnification) of Tuberculous lymphadenitis?

Lipid vacuoles in the cytoplasm

How does fatty change appear, as noted in the context of Figure 6?

Hepatocytes and myocardial cells

Fatty change is observed in cells involved in and dependent on the metabolism of what type of substance (seen in Figure 6)?

Fatty Change in Liver (HPO)

What pathology and magnification is shown in Figure 6 and Figure 11 (2019 Slide #50)?

Fatty acid beta-oxidation by the mitochondria is lowered

What metabolic change related to fatty acids is indicated in the Fatty Change Diagram (Figure 7)?

Endogenous fatty acid synthesis is increased

What metabolic change related to fatty acid synthesis is indicated in the Fatty Change Diagram (Figure 7)?

Fatty acid delivery to liver is increased

What change in fatty acid transport is indicated in the Fatty Change Diagram (Figure 7)?

Lowered incorporation or export of triglyceride as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)

What change in lipoprotein metabolism is indicated in the Fatty Change Diagram (Figure 7), leading to triglyceride accumulation?

Normal Liver and Fatty Liver

What two gross specimens are compared in Figure 8?

Hepatomegaly (4 to 6 kg), soft, yellow and greasy

What are the gross characteristics of the Fatty Liver shown in Figure 8?

Central vein (C), plates of hepatocytes (H), lymphatic vessel (L), portal venule (PV), hepatic arteriole (HA), Bile duct (B)

What structures are labeled in the Normal Liver (Figure 9)?

Well-preserved nucleus squeezed into the displaced rim of the cytoplasm by the fat vacuole

What microscopic feature of hepatocytes is highlighted in Figure 10 (Fatty liver HPO)?

Cellular Swelling in Kidney (HPO)

What pathology and magnification is shown in Figure 12?

Normal Kidney (A) and Cellular Swelling in Kidney (B)

What two microscopic specimens are compared in Figure 13?

Viable epithelial cells and No surface blebs

What two features characterize the Normal Kidney (A) in Figure 13?

Surface blebs, Increased eosinophil, and Swelling of cells

What three features characterize the Swelling (B) in Figure 13?

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (extranodal marginal zone lymphoma) (HPO)

What pathology and magnification is shown in Figure 14?

Apoptotic bodies

What specific structures are pointed to in Figure 14 (Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma)?

Reduced (shrinkage)

What happens to cell size in Apoptosis, as noted in Table 1 (Necrosis vs Apoptosis)?

Enlarged (swelling)

What happens to cell size in Necrosis, as noted in Table 1 (Necrosis vs Apoptosis)?

Fragmentation into nucleosome size fragments

What nuclear change occurs in Apoptosis, as noted in Table 1?

Intact; altered structure, especially orientation of lipids

What is the state of the plasma membrane in Apoptosis, as noted in Table 1?

Disrupted

What is the state of the plasma membrane in Necrosis, as noted in Table 1?

No

Is adjacent inflammation frequent or absent in Apoptosis, as noted in Table 1?

Frequent

Is adjacent inflammation frequent or absent in Necrosis, as noted in Table 1?

Often physiologic, means of eliminating unwanted cells; May be pathologic after some forms of cell injury

What is the physiologic or pathologic role of Apoptosis, as noted in Table 1?

Invariably pathologic

What is the physiologic or pathologic role of Necrosis, as noted in Table 1?

Apoptotic bodies

What are the cell fragments called that result from apoptosis, as seen in Figure 15 and Figure 18?

Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma, Ileum

What pathology is associated with the apoptotic bodies shown in Figure 15 and Figure 19?

Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) lesion

What lesion is shown in Figure 16 (Scanning) and Figure 17 (LPO) in the mucosa of the ileum related to Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma?

Apoptotic bodies in colonic glands

What pathology is shown in Figure 18?

Apoptotic bodies (OIO) in Slide 79 with Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma of Ileum

What pathology and magnification is shown in Figure 20?

Anthracosis (encircled) in Pathologic Lung (Scanning)

What pathology and magnification is shown in Figure 21?

Black artifacts

What is the defining characteristic of the accumulation of carbon pigment shown in Figure 21 and Figure 22?

Anthracosis in Lung Parenchyma (HPO)

What pathology and magnification is shown in Figure 22 and Figure 23?

Normal Lung and Pathologic Lung

What two gross specimens are compared in Figure 24 and Figure 25?

Pulmonary Edema (black arrows)

What pathology is indicated by the black arrows in Figure 26?

Smooth to slightly floccular pink material (transudate)

What is filling the alveoli in Figure 26, characteristic of pulmonary edema?

Pulmonary Edema (pointed)

What pathology is shown in Figure 27?

Bronchopneumonia

What specific lung infection is shown in Figure 28?

Neutrophils ("leukocytic alveolitis")

What type of cell fills the alveolar lumens surrounding the bronchi in Bronchopneumonia (Figure 28)?

Chronic Passive Congestion (HPO)

What pathology and magnification is shown in Figure 29?

Hemosiderin-laden macrophages

What specific cell type is pointed out in Figure 30, which contains hemosiderin pigment in the cytoplasm?

Brown, granular spots in the lumen

How do hemosiderin-laden macrophages appear, as seen in Figure 30?

Cut surface of the Prostate Gland

What organ's gross anatomy is shown in Figure 31?

Nodular Prostatic Hyperplasia

What pathology is shown in Figure 31, if the organ is enlarged and heavier (60-100 grams)?

Nodular Prostatic Hyperplasia (HPO)

What pathology and magnification is shown in Figure 32?

Proliferation of prostatic glands, Intervening of fibromuscular stroma, and Dilated prostatic gland with flattened lining epithelium

What histological characteristics are seen in Figure 32 (Nodular Prostatic Hyperplasia)?

Corpora amylacea

What structure is indicated in Figure 33, a histological indication of the prostate gland?

Proliferation of prostatic glands, Corpora amylacea, and Fibromuscular Stroma

What three structures are pointed out in Figure 33 (NPH)?

Proliferating Glands

What structure is pointed out in Figure 34 (Nodular Prostatic Hyperplasia LPO)?

Normal Prostate

What histology is shown in Figure 35 and Figure 36?

Dense fibromuscular stroma (S) and tubuloalveolar glands (G)

What two main structures are labeled in Figure 35 (Normal Prostate)?

Corpora amylacea (CA) and pseudostratified columnar epithelium underlain by lamina propria (LP)

What structures are labeled in Figure 36 (Normal Prostate)?

Atrophic Endometrium

What pathology is shown in Figure 37 (Gross anatomy/Scanning)?

Senile cystic endometrium, Thin endometrial lining, Sparse and inactive glands (G), Stroma (S) that is much less cellular and contains more collagen fibers

What histological characteristics are present in the Atrophic Endometrium shown in Figure 38 (Scanning)?

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LPO)

What pathology and magnification is shown in Figure 39 and Figure 40?

Boxcar nuclei

What specific nuclear configuration is pointed out in Figure 40 (Left Ventricular Hypertrophy)?

Normal Cardiac Muscle and Hypertrophic Cardiac Muscle

What two tissue types are compared in Figure 41 and Figure 42?

Pressure-Overload Hypertrophy (left), Volume-Overload Hypertrophy (right), and Normal Heart (center)

What three gross appearances of the heart are compared in Figure 43?

Increased mass, Concentric increase in wall thickness, Smaller Lumen

What three features characterize Pressure-Overload Hypertrophy in Figure 43?

Increased mass, Increased/normal/less than normal wall thickness, Larger lumen

What three features characterize Volume-Overload Hypertrophy in Figure 43?

Squamous Metaplasia, Trachea, LPO

What pathology and magnification is shown in Figure 44?

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells and Stratified squamous cells

What two cell types are seen in transition in Figure 44 (Squamous Metaplasia, Trachea)?

Tall pseudostratified columnar ciliated cells

What type of cells make up the Respiratory Epithelium of the Normal Trachea (Figure 45)?

Respiratory Epithelium (RE), Lamina Propria (LP), Seromucous Glands (G), Hyaline Cartilage (C), and Perichondrium (P)

What structures are labeled in the Normal Trachea in Figure 46?

Normal Trachea and Trachea with Squamous Metaplasia

What two tissue sections are compared in Figure 47 and Figure 48?

Tunica intima (I) with accumulation of lipids

What feature characterizes the Atherosclerotic aorta shown in Figure 49?

Atherosclerotic aorta with fibrofatty plaque

What pathology is shown in Figure 50?

Thickened fibrous cap, Fibrofatty plaque with areas of non-staining liquid surrounded by fibrous tissue, and Thinning of the Tunica Media (M)

What three features characterize the Atherosclerotic aorta in Figure 50?

Intima (I), Internal Elastic Lamina (IEL), Media (M), Adventitia (A), and vasorum (V)

What five structures are labeled in the Normal Aorta (Figure 51 and Figure 52)?

Atherosclerotic Aorta

What pathology is shown in Figure 53?

Foam cells and cholesterol clefts

What two structures characterize Advanced Atheromas, as seen in Figure 54, Figure 55, and Figure 56?

Non-staining, angular, needle-like crystals

How do cholesterol clefts appear, as shown in Figure 54 and Figure 56?

HPO of Atherosclerotic aorta with cholesterol clefts

What pathology and magnification is shown in Figure 54?

Lipid Accumulation

What feature is shown in Figure 55?

Cholesterol Clefts

What specific feature is shown in Figure 56?

Large area of bluish calcification

What feature is shown in Figure 57 in a Complex Atheroma with H&E stain?

Artery with atherosclerosis

What pathology is shown in Figure 58, which is usually present in advanced forms of this condition?

Excessive lipofuscin (lipochrome) deposits

What is shown within/between myocardial fibers in Figure 59 (Brown atrophy)?

Brown atrophy with lipofuscin granules

What pathology and specific structure is shown/pointed out in Figure 59?

Appendicitis - Slide #59 in Scanning View

What pathology is shown in Figure 60?

Acute suppurative appendicitis

What pathology is shown in Figure 61 and Figure 62?

Neutrophils, liquefied debris of necrotic cells, and edema fluid

The purulent exudate characteristic of Suppurative Appendicitis (Figure 61) is made up of what three components?

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa

What are the four layers of the Normal Appendix shown in Figure 63?

Yellow to tan exudate in the serosa and hyperemia

What gross features characterize the Acute Appendicitis shown in Figure 64?

PMNs found in the muscular layer of the appendix

What cells are shown infiltrating the muscularis propria in Figure 65, Figure 66 (LPO), and Figure 67 (HPO)?

Polymorphonuclear cells (neutrophils)

What specific cell type infiltrates the muscularis propria, as indicated in Figure 67 (HPO)?

Normal lung

What histology is shown in Figure 68?

Pathological slide of lung with pneumonia

What pathology is shown in Figure 69?

Alveoli containing clumps of neutrophils (HPO)

What feature characterizes the Pneumonia slide in Figure 70?

Collapsing sacs and deposition of fibrin (LPO)

What features characterize the Pneumonia slide in Figure 71 (Late-stage pneumonia)?

Air sacs containing leukocytes (neutrophils)

What structures are pointed out in Figure 71, related to the inflammation?

Normal tonsils with lymphocyte-free stratified squamous epithelium

What histology is shown in Figure 72?