APush unit 2

Great Compromise

Also known as the Connecticut Compromise, it resolved disputes between the Virginia and New Jersey plans by establishing a bicameral legislature.

Virginia Plan

Proposed a strong national government with a bicameral legislature based on population.

New Jersey Plan

Proposed a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state.

3/5 Compromise

An agreement counting enslaved individuals as three-fifths of a person for representation and taxation purposes, creating long-term conflicts.

Checks and Balances

A system that ensures no one branch of government becomes too powerful by providing each branch with the means to limit the other branches.

Federalism

A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.

Universal Manhood Suffrage

The right of all adult men to vote, which the Founding Fathers feared could lead to mob rule.

Federalist Papers

A series of essays written to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution, arguing for a strong federal government.

Anti-Federalists

Opponents of the ratification of the Constitution who advocated for states' rights and feared a strong central government.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution, which were added to ensure the protection of individual liberties and to gain support for ratification.

Original Cabinet

The first group of advisors to President George Washington, which included key figures such as Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton.

Alexander Hamilton's Financial Plan

A three-part economic strategy to stabilize the American economy, including the establishment of a national bank, assuming state debts, and imposing tariffs.

Neutrality in War

Washington's policy to avoid involvement in foreign conflicts, especially during the war between Great Britain and France.

Whiskey Rebellion

A violent tax protest in the U.S. starting in 1791 during George Washington's presidency, leading to federal enforcement of tax laws.

XYZ Affair

A diplomatic incident between the U.S. and France that led to an undeclared war known as the Quasi-War.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Laws passed in 1798 that allowed the government to imprison or deport non-citizens and prosecute those who criticized the government.

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

A landmark case that established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.

Louisiana Purchase

The acquisition of the Louisiana territory from France in 1803, which doubled the size of the United States.

Embargo Act of 1807

A law that prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports, which led to economic distress.

Battle of Tippecanoe

A battle between American forces and Native American warriors led by Tecumseh, further intensifying tensions leading to the War of 1812.

War of 1812

A conflict between the United States and Great Britain, driven by issues like trade restrictions and impressment of American sailors.

Marbury v. Madison

Court case that established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to rule on the constitutionality of laws.

Nationalism

A strong sense of pride and loyalty to one's nation, which rose during the presidency of James Monroe.

American System

An economic plan that aimed to unify the nation's economy through internal improvements and protective tariffs, championed by Henry Clay.

Missouri Compromise

An agreement in 1820 that regulated the extension of slavery in the western territories.