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25 Terms
What are genetics?
The study of how certain traits can be inherited from a previous generation
Genes
A segment of DNA, containing instructions on how to make specific traits
What is DNA?
The molecule that stores genetic information in living organisms
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is DNA made of?
Composed of nucleotides, each containing a sugar, phosphate, and one of the four bases.
What are the four bases?
Adenine ,Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
What’s the rhyme for the four bases?
Apple in the Tree, Car in the Garage
What is the structure of a DNA?
A double helix.
Difference between DNA and genes
DNA is the actual molecule that holds genetic information, while genes are the segments of that DNA that serve as instructions to build proteins in your body.
Nucleotide
Units that DNA is composed of.
Nucleotide composition
Composes of a phosphate group, sugar section, and one of the four bases.
How long is DNA?
2 metres or more.
Where is DNA found in?
Only in one cell.
DNA ladder
Humans > Organs > Tissues > Cells > Organelles/nucleus > Chromosome > DNA > Gene (segment of DNA) > Nucleotide
How many chromosomes are in a nucleus?
23 chromosomes, which is made of DNA.
Where does DNA live in?
Found in the nucleus of a cell, inside the DNA is a form called chromatin.
Why is DNA packaged?
DNA is very long, which needs to be in a compact shape.
Chromosome
A tightly wound structure of DNA and proteins (histones).
When are chromosomes seen?
When cells need to be divided.
Where do genes fit in?
Along each chromosome are genes, which are sections of DNA.
Why do chromosomes look like an X?
The X-shape is seen after DNA replication, and those replications produce identical sister chromatids.
Telomeres
Protects chromosome ends from going anywhere — the aglets of chromosomes.
Why does DNA need to replicate?
Because cells die and need to renew.
What’s the process of DNA replication?
DNA unwinds the double-helix
New nucleotides attach
Two identiccal DNA molecules form
What is semi-conservative replication?
It is the process where each new DNA molecule contains one original parent strand and one newly synthesised strand, meaning half of the original molecule is conserved.