Chapter 7 - The Renaissance, Florence, Rome, and Venice

The state as a work of art: Florence and the Medici

The medici supported the city'sguilds and artists and influenced Florentine politics; they were also heavily involved in banking.

Humanist

To understand the nature of humanity and its relationship to the natural world.

Competition

Choose designer for north entrance doors to city's cathedral baptistry.

Competition relief

Sacrifice of Isaac. Lorenzo Ghiberti won.

Foreshortening

Makes objects appear to recede.

Filippo Brunlleschi

The florentine cathedral dome was on of his most lasting works.he solved florentine's cathedral dome problem by jsing sets of diagonal and horizontal ribs based on painted arches.

Linear perspective

Three dimensional on two dimensional surface in order to create a naturalistic representation of the world.

One point perspective

A composition based on an orderly arrangement of parts.

Vanishing points

All parallel lines in a visual field converge at this single point

Orthogonals

Diagonal lines: the further away an object is, the smaller it becomes and diminishes at the vanishing point

Perspective and naturalism in painting:Masaccio

He used an atmospheric perspective; subtle tints and shades of color that show distance.

Chiaroscuro

Drama between light and drama.

Classical tradition Freestanding sculpture: Donotello

He embraced the principles of realism, he drew inspiration from classical ideals, and revived ancient practice of contrapposto

Medici family and humanism

Cosmo' rebuilding of the old monastery secured Medici family into history of Florences Christian history.

Marsillio Ficino and Neoplatonism

Coined term platonic love: highest spiritual level; goal to union with the divine. Platonic love is superior to erotic love.

Lorenzo the manifest, el Magnifico

Supported arts and education with studies in Greek philosophy and literature

Sandro Botticelli

Celebrates love as a spiritual humanist human endeavor, also in a direct physical way.

Neo-platonism

Venus represents love and God is love.

Pico Della Mirandola

Oration on the dignity of man. He believed in individuals self-worth; free-will to determine own fate and makes you masters of your own destiny.

Beyond Florence: The Ducal Courts and the arts

Frederic Montefeltro ruled urbino. Baldassare Castiglione wrote The book of the Courtier: etiquette book of courteous behavior.

Leonardo da Vinci

Renaissance man who relentlessly studied everything.

Sfumato

Softening edges of subject matter; adds smokiness.

Glazing

Building many layers of transparent oil paint

Donate Barmante

Founder of high Renaissance architecture. Classical principles are humanist inspired and appeals to reason

New saint peter's

Bramante chief architect. Floor plan: vitruvian square and inside a Greek cross with dome = God's plan. Paid for by the sale of "indulgences" that decreases time in purgatory: led to Protestant reformation by Martin Luther.

Charles VIII and Fra Savonarola

Florence in decline: French Charles VIII invasion in 1494.

Creation of Adam

Neo-Platonic:relationship between material and spiritual worlds.

Libyan Sibyl

Women of classical antiquity; possess prophetic powers.

Rafael and the Stenza della Segnatura

Classicism offers an illusion of Roman architecture and painting includes figures of Greek Gods and ancient philosophers.

Joaquin des prez and Sistine chapel choir

Point of imitation: four voices weave around each other in imitation. A Capella is sung with no music.

Nicole machiavelli

He wrote the prince: on political thought. Machiavellism: "the end justifies the means." Prince's primary duty was to wage war.

High Renaissance in Venice

Lombard forced populations to swampy lagoon islands that would become Venice.

Giogiorne

Byzantine-influenced: sensual surfaces, rich colors, and theatrical lighting. 2 ajar contributions to secularization of European painting: female nudes and landscapes.

Woman in Italian humanist society

Laura Cereta advocated women's rights; typical woman capable of learning. Lucretia marinella: women autonomous beings: not to be defined in relation to men only.

Music of the Venetian High Renaissance

Maddelena Casulana was the first woman to see music in print. Adrian wilaert used 2 choirs or more to create poly-choral style; split choir to create stereophonic music.