Nutrition Chapter 5

To reduce her intake of added sugars, Isabelle should:

A) replace regular soft drinks with plain water

B) consume more refined sources of carbohydrates

C) increase her intake of beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup

D) consume energy drinks instead of coffee

A) replace regular soft drinks with plain water

Which of the following substances is an important dietary monosaccharide for humans?

A) fructose

B) lactose

C) mannose

D) xylose

A) fructose

Lactose intolerance is caused by eating foods that contain high amounts of sucrose and maltose. T/F

False

In the human intestinal tract, potato starch is broken down into ________ molecules that can be absorbed.

A) lactose

B) sucrose

C) ribose

D) glucose

D) glucose

Steve has pancreatic cancer. As a result of the disease, Steve has a high risk of _______.

A) diverticular disease

B) cystic fibrosis

C) diabetes mellitus

D) metabolic syndrome

C) diabetes mellitus

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Fruits and vegetables are sources of fiber.

B) Most forms of fiber are easily digested by enzymes secreted by human small intestinal cells.

C) The typical American consumes recommended amounts of fiber.

D) People may increase their risk of type 2 diabetes by eating more fiber-rich foods.

A) Fruits and vegetables are sources of fiber.

Phil has type 1 diabetes and gives himself insulin injections to help manage his blood glucose level. One afternoon, Phil tested his blood and discovered that his blood glucose level was 60 mg/dl. Based on this information, Phil should _______.

A) do not eat anything for the next 5 hours, which will provide time for his blood glucose level to drop to normal naturally

B) give himself an extra injection of insulin

C) do nothing to intervene, because his blood glucose level is normal

D) consume 15 grams of glucose in a pill or gel to increase his blood glucose level

D) consume 15 grams of glucose in a pill or gel to increase his blood glucose level

Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index (70 or more)?

A) Raw apple slices

B) Baked Russet potato

C) Vanilla, low-fat ice cream

D) Peanuts

B) Baked Russet potato

A food scientist is developing a infant formula that simulates the composition of breast milk. Based on this information, which of the following substances would he add to the formula's recipe?

A) Lactose

B) Mannose

C) Xylitol

D) Sucrose

A) Lactose

According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A) Losing excess body fat

B) Smoking less than 2 packs of cigarettes/week

C) Drinking 3 servings of alcohol daily

D) Reducing intake of salty foods

A) Losing excess body fat

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Most animal foods are good sources of carbohydrate.

B) Honey is naturally a rich source of fructose.

C) Sucrose consists of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose.

D) High-glucose corn syrup is commonly used to sweeten foods, such as regular soft drinks.

Adrian's diet supplies only about 10% of his daily energy needs from carbohydrates. Therefore, most of his energy intake is provided by protein and fat. As a result of following this diet, Adrian's cells form more ________ than normal.

A) connective tissue

B) ketone bodies

C) glycogen

D) antioxidants

B) ketone bodies

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not banned the use of saccharin. T/F

True

Caden develops intestinal cramps and gas after he drinks more than a half cup of milk. He can eat yogurt and cheese without any discomfort. Based on this information, Caden probably has _______.

A) inflamed hemorrhoids

B) milk allergy

C) lactose intolerance

D) diverticulosis

C) lactose intolerance

Pancreatic amylase ______.

A) converts glucose to energy in cells

B) is secreted by the gallbladder

C) contributes to cystic fibrosis

D) digests starch in the small intestine

D) digests starch in the small intestine

Emma's usual diet provides 2000 kcal daily. To obtain 55% of her total energy intake from carbohydrates, she should consume ________ grams of carbohydrates daily.

A) 300

B) 600

C) 550

D) 275

D) 275

According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of ________ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl.

A) constipation

B) diverticulitis

C) metabolic syndrome

D) cystic fibrosis

C) metabolic syndrome

Theresa is concerned that her 10-year-old son may have type 1 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this form of diabetes?

A) Having a fasting blood glucose level of 90 mg/dl

B) Losing weight despite increased food intake

C) Gaining an unexpected amount of weight

D) Urinating less frequently than usual

B) Losing weight despite increased food intake

Laura consumes a sugar-frosted doughnut for a snack. In her gastrointestinal tract, the sucrose in the doughnut is digested into ________ molecules.

A) maltose and glycogen

B) alanine and aspartic acid

C) glucose and fructose

D) glycerol and fatty acid

C) glucose and fructose

Nervous system cells rely on primary ________ for energy.

A) lactose

B) fiber

C) glucose

D) fructose

C) glucose

The starch in rice and potatoes is composed of ________ molecules.

A) glucose

B) glycogen

C) fructose

D) polysaccharide

A) glucose

Which of the following statements is true?

A) People can gain body fat when they consume more micronutrients in relation to their macronutrient intakes.

B) Foods that are high in simple carbohydrates are fattening because they usually contain a lot of protein.

C) Consuming more carbohydrates than you need can result in an increase in your body fat.

D) High-fiber diets are associated with greater weight gain in adults because fiber-rich foods are less filling than foods that contain sugars.

C) Consuming more carbohydrates than you need can result in an increase in your body fat.

A scientist is developing a new food that would help people recover quickly from hypoglycemia. Which of the following sweeteners should he add to the new product?

A) Glycogen

B) Acesulfame-K

C) Lactose

D) Glucose

D) Glucose

Bill has type 1 diabetes. What step can he take to reduce the likelihood that he develops hypoglycemia?

A) Take a daily dietary supplement that provides a variety of B vitamins

B) Eat meals and snacks that contain carbohydrate on a regular basis

C) Give himself insulin injections whenever he feels hungry

D) Eat one large meal per day, in the morning, if possible

B) Eat meals and snacks that contain carbohydrate on a regular basis

Which of the following statements is true?

A) A healthy person's hemoglobin A1c level is greater than 7.5%.

B) People who have excess body fat are more likely to develop type 1 diabetes than type 2diabetes.

C) To remain healthy, your fasting blood glucose level should be between 70 and 100mg/dl.

D) High blood pressure is a sign of type 1 diabetes.

C) To remain healthy, your fasting blood glucose level should be between 70 and 100mg/dl.

Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add?

A) Liver

B) Beans

C) Steak

D) Butter

B) Beans

Erika has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One afternoon, Erika tested her blood and discovered that her blood glucose level was 260 mg/dl. Based on this information, Erika should _______.

A) take a dietary supplement that contains vitamin C

B) give herself a specific dose of insulin

C) do nothing to intervene, because her blood glucose level is normal

D) consume candy or fruit juice to increase her blood glucose level

B) give herself a specific dose of insulin

Five-year-old Tailia develops abdominal cramps and diarrhea a few hours after she eats sugary foods. Based on this information, Tailia probably has _______.

A) sucrase deficiency

B) diabetes

C) hypoglycemia

D) lactose intolerance

Glycogen is composed of ________ molecules.

A) insulin

B) glucose

C) fructose

D) ribose

B) glucose

Until recently, Victoria was a healthy, energetic 3-year-old. A couple of weeks ago, her parents noticed that she does not want to play, and she seems to be tired all of the time. Additionally, Victoria has been unusually thirsty and "wets the bed" at night. Based on this information, Victoria's parents should have their daughter evaluated for ______.

A) type 1 diabetes

B) lactose intolerance

C) sucrase deficiency

D) metabolic syndrome

A) type 1 diabetes

Abe wants to use canned or frozen peaches to make a dessert. While shopping for the fruit, how can he determine which kind has the least sugar per serving?

A) By checking the labels for health claims

B) By reading the ingredients' lists on the labels

C) By comparing sugar content information that is listed in the Nutrition Facts panels

D) By subtracting amounts of fiber in the two kinds of fruit from their total carbohydrate contents

C) By comparing sugar content information that is listed in the Nutrition Facts panels

After Cameron consumes foods and beverages that contain fructose, he develops abdominal bloating, cramps, and gas that is followed by diarrhea. A ________ diet is likely to help him avoid these intestinal signs and symptoms.

A) low-sodium

B) high-fiber

C) high-GI/high-GL

D) low-FODMAP

D) low-FODMAP

Which of the following statements is true?

A) People who have excess body fat are more likely to develop type 1 diabetes than type 2diabetes.

B) A healthy person's hemoglobin A1c level is greater than 7.5%.

C) Excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes.

D) To remain healthy, your fasting blood glucose level should always be at least 140mg/dl.

C) Excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes.

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, fiber is a nutrient of public health concern. T/F

True

Alicia has PKU. She would like to sweeten her coffee with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g. Based on this information, which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use?

A) Aspartame

B) Sucralose

C) Xylitol

D) Molasses

B) Sucralose

The body stores glucose in the form of glycogen. T/F

True

Lena's 4-year-old son is not well. He lacks much interest in playing, he has lost weight, his breath has a strange odor, and he seems to be thirsty all the time. Based on this information, Lena should ______.

A) limit her son's intake of fluids

B) have her son tested for type 1 diabetes

C) have her son treated for cystic fibrosis

D) decrease her son's intake of dietary fiber

B) have her son tested for type 1 diabetes

You would like to add a nutritive sweetener to a food that is almost pure carbohydrate. Which of the following substances would you add?

A) Sucrose

B) Honey

C) Aspartame

D) Molasses

A) Sucrose

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

A) Carbon dioxide

B) Starch

C) Glucose

D) High-fructose corn syrup

B) Starch

Glucagon ______.

A) helps glucose enter cells

B) increases the metabolic rate

C) raises blood glucose levels

D) stimulates cells to store glucose as glycogen

C) raises blood glucose levels

Which of the following foods provides the most carbohydrate per 4-ounce serving?

A) Canned tuna

B) Baked chicken

C) Ham slice

D) Fat-free milk

D) Fat-free milk

Marissa is concerned about her risk of type 2 diabetes. To reduce her risk of this disease, Marissa should ______.

A) avoid gaining excess weight

B) use foods that are sweetened with fructose or maltose

C) reduce her intake of sodium

D) take iron supplements daily

A) avoid gaining excess weight

Glycogen is _______.

A) the form of carbohydrate that is stored in liver and muscle tissue

B) a simple sugar in grapes and honey

C) the form of fat stored in fat cells

D) a polysaccharide made by plants

A) the form of carbohydrate that is stored in liver and muscle tissue

Which of the following statements about food labels is true?

A) Information about the fiber contents of a food are not provided in the Nutrition Facts panel.

B) The list ofingredients on food packages does not have to include added sugars.

C) The Nutrition Facts panel includes information about a food's glycogen content.

D) Information about the grams of total carbohydrate in a serving of food is displayed on a food label.

D) Information about the grams of total carbohydrate in a serving of food is displayed on a food label.

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Most forms of fiber are comprised of fructose molecules bonded together.

B) Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

C) Scientists classify forms of fiber according to their solubility in oil.

D) Dietary fiber includes the stringy material found in tough, overcooked meat.

B) Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

Melania's fasting blood glucose level consistently is between 102 and 113 mg/dl. Based on this information, she has ______.

A) pre-diabetes

B) a healthy blood glucose level

C) chronic hypoglycemic syndrome

D) a defect of her pancreatic beta cells

A) pre-diabetes