AP HUG UNIT 3 VOCAB QUIZ 2

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Colonialism

A specific form of imperialism that involves the establishment and maintenance of political and legal domination over a foreign territory and its people.

Animism

A belief system in which natural objects and phenomena are considered to possess a spiritual essence.

Native Speakers

Individuals who have spoken a particular language since early childhood.

Lingua Franca

A language that is used as a common means of communication between speakers of different native languages.

Slang

Informal language that often varies by region and social group.

Pidgin Language

A simplified form of speech that develops between two or more groups that do not share a common language.

Creole Language

A stable, fully developed natural language that has evolved from a pidgin.

Social Constructs

Ideas or perceptions that are created and maintained by societal norms and cultural practices.

Time-Space Convergence

The process by which advancements in technology and transportation reduce the time it takes to travel distances.

Cultural Convergence

The tendency for cultures to become more alike as they share ideas, technologies, and practices.

Cultural Divergence

The process by which cultures become more distinct and different from each other, or in which a culture diverts from some of its traits and beliefs.

Linguists

Experts in the study of language, including its structure, use, development, and relationship to culture and society.

Language Tree

A visual representation that illustrates the relationships between different languages.

Indo-European Language Family

The largest language family in the world that includes many of the most widely spoken languages.

Romance Languages

A branch of the Indo-European language family that evolved from Latin.

Isoglosses

Geographical boundaries that separate different linguistic features or dialects.

Dialects

Variations of a language that are specific to particular regions or social groups.

Adages

Traditional sayings or proverbs that express a general truth or piece of advice.

Toponyms

Place names that reflect the history, culture, or geography of a location.

Official Language

A language that is given a special legal status in a particular country by the government.

Homogeneous

Describes a population that is composed of similar or identical elements.

Adherents

Individuals who follow or support a particular religion, belief system, or ideology.

Ethnic Religions

Religions that are closely tied to specific ethnic groups and cultures.

Universal Religion

A religion that seeks to appeal to all people, regardless of culture or location.

Hinduism

One of the oldest religions in the world, originating in the Indian subcontinent.

Polytheistic

The belief in or worship of multiple deities or gods.

Monotheistic

The belief in a single, all-powerful deity or god.

Karma

A key concept in Hinduism and Buddhism that refers to the idea that a person's actions have consequences.

Caste System

A social hierarchy traditionally associated with Hindu society.

Buddhism

A major world religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha).

Sikhism

A monotheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of India.

Gurdwara

A place of worship in Sikhism where the Guru Granth Sahib is read and honored.

Judaism

One of the oldest monotheistic religions, centered on the belief in one God.

Christianity

A monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

Islam

A monotheistic religion founded by the Prophet Muhammad.

Pilgrimage

A journey undertaken by adherents of a religion to a sacred site.

Homogenization

The process by which local cultures and practices become more similar and standardized.

Acculturation

The process of cultural change and adaptation that occurs when individuals or groups from one culture come into contact with another.

Assimilation

A more extreme form of acculturation where individuals fully adopt the cultural traits of another society.

Syncretism

The blending of 2 different religious and cultural traditions into 1 new, cohesive system.

Globalization

The increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures, and populations.

Nativist

A perspective that favors the interests and culture of native-born inhabitants over those of immigrants.