PEC: Sample Situational Examination

Ms. Ana and Mr. Cruz both plan lessons equally and switch teaching roles during instruction. Which collaborative approach are they using?
A. Coordination
B. Consultation
C. Teaming
D. Observation

C

A general education teacher delivers the lesson while the special education teacher quietly observes a learner with ADHD to monitor participation. What co-teaching model is this?
A. Parallel teaching
B. One Teach, One Observe
C. Supplemental teaching
D. Teaming

B

Two teachers divide a science lesson into three mini-activities. Students rotate from one activity area to another every 20 minutes. Which model is being applied?
A. Station teaching
B. Parallel teaching
C. Coordination
D. Consultation

A

Mr. Reyes teaches most of the lesson while Ms. Santos walks around assisting struggling students individually. Which model is shown?
A. Team teaching
B. One Teach, One Assist
C. Supplemental teaching
D. Consultation

B

A paraprofessional helps a child with cerebral palsy move around the classroom and organize materials under teacher supervision. What is the paraprofessional’s role?
A. Classroom principal
B. Classroom support provider
C. Guidance counselor
D. Clinician

B

During review sessions, the class is split into two groups so each teacher can handle fewer students while teaching the same topic. Which co-teaching strategy is used?
A. Station teaching
B. Parallel teaching
C. Teaming
D. Consultation

B

One teacher handles advanced learners while another reteaches students who are falling behind. Which model is this?
A. Supplemental teaching
B. Teaming
C. Observation
D. Coordination

A

A teacher regularly asks a speech therapist for advice regarding communication strategies for a child with autism. This is an example of:
A. Consultation
B. Coordination
C. Teaming
D. Parallel teaching

A

A student receives speech therapy inside the regular classroom because it is effective there. Which IDEA principle is applied?
A. Segregation
B. Restrictive placement
C. Least restrictive environment
D. Mainstream punishment

C

Teachers and clinicians coordinate with a community center to prepare a student with disability for college and employment. What is the main purpose of this collaboration?
A. Recreation only
B. Seamless transition of services
C. Financial support only
D. IQ improvement

B

A mother refuses to attend school meetings after her child’s diagnosis because she still cannot accept the condition. Which stage is she likely experiencing?
A. Advocacy
B. Enlightenment
C. Emotional crisis/disbelief
D. Reflection

C

Parents begin researching therapies, attending seminars, and learning about their child’s strengths and weaknesses. Which adaptation stage is this?
A. Reflection about self and family
B. Self-education
C. Advocacy
D. Appreciation

B

A father joins disability support organizations and learns about legal rights for his child. Which stage is represented?
A. Advocacy and empowerment
B. Denial
C. Reflection
D. Identification

A

Mrs. Lopez watches over her child with severe disability almost 24 hours a day and feels emotionally exhausted. Which role is emphasized?
A. Advocate
B. Counselor
C. Caregiver
D. Provider

C

A family hires someone to temporarily care for their child with disability so they can rest and spend time together. This support is called:
A. Occupational therapy
B. Respite care
C. Counseling
D. Rehabilitation

B

A mother feels less stressed because her husband actively helps care for their child with disability. The husband acts as a:
A. Burden
B. Buffer to stress
C. Clinician
D. Supervisor

B

Parents teach their child how to properly use hearing aids and adapted utensils at home. Which parental role is demonstrated?
A. Advocate
B. Provider
C. Teacher
D. Counselor

C

A child with disability says, “The other kids always laugh at me.” The parent comforts and guides the child emotionally. Which parental role is shown?
A. Teacher
B. Counselor
C. Provider
D. Clinician

B

Parents learn behavior management strategies because their child frequently exhibits severe tantrums and aggression. What role are they assuming?
A. Behavior support specialist
B. Financial provider
C. Team leader
D. Counselor only

A

A student often explains his sibling’s disability to classmates and helps his sibling adjust in school. This sibling has been:
A. Isolated
B. Called into action
C. Diagnosed
D. Punished

B

A couple argues constantly about who is responsible for their child’s disability, causing marital stress. Which family role is affected?
A. Provider
B. Marriage partner
C. Teacher
D. Counselor

B

A mother studies disability laws to ensure her son receives proper educational services from school. Which parental role is this?
A. Advocate
B. Teacher
C. Provider
D. Clinician

A

A 10-year-old child struggles with reasoning, problem-solving, and daily living skills. Testing shows significant deficits in adaptive functioning. Which condition is MOST likely?
A. Dyslexia
B. Intellectual disability
C. ADHD
D. Dyspraxia

B

A psychologist explains that a child’s difficulties include communication, self-care, and social participation. These difficulties fall under:
A. Cognitive functioning
B. Adaptive functioning
C. Emotional regulation
D. Academic achievement

B

A student has an IQ of 52 and can perform some independent tasks with support. What level of intellectual disability is MOST likely?
A. Mild
B. Moderate
C. Severe
D. Profound

B

A child with severe malnutrition and exposure to environmental pollution later develops intellectual disability. These are examples of:
A. Biological factors only
B. Environmental risk factors
C. Genetic mutations only
D. Personality traits

B

A school psychologist administers the same IQ test with standardized instructions and scoring to all students. This type of test is:
A. Informal
B. Criterion-referenced
C. Norm-referenced
D. Experimental

C

A child is assessed for visual-spatial skills, fluid reasoning, and working memory using the latest Wechsler scale. Which test is likely used?
A. Stanford-Binet
B. WISC-V
C. Raven’s Matrix
D. DABS

B

A psychologist uses an intelligence test appropriate for ages 2 to 89 years old. Which test is MOST likely administered?
A. Stanford-Binet 5th Edition
B. WISC-V
C. DABS
D. ABS-S:2

A

A child completes puzzles involving missing patterns in black-and-white matrices. Which assessment is being used?
A. Vineland Scale
B. WISC-V
C. Raven’s Progressive Matrices
D. ABAS

C

A teacher evaluates a child’s eating, money handling, toilet use, and time skills. Which area is being assessed?
A. IQ
B. Adaptive behavior
C. Emotional intelligence
D. Academic readiness

B

A clinician uses a tool specifically designed to help diagnose significant limitations in adaptive behavior among individuals ages 4–21. Which tool is this?
A. WISC-V
B. DABS
C. Raven’s Matrix
D. Stanford-Binet

B

A child has flattened facial features, almond-shaped eyes, and developmental delays caused by an extra chromosome. Which condition is described?
A. Fragile X syndrome
B. Williams syndrome
C. Down syndrome
D. Autism

C

A boy constantly feels hungry and develops obesity due to chronic overeating associated with a genetic condition. Which disorder is MOST likely?
A. PKU
B. Prader-Willi syndrome
C. Dyslexia
D. Autism

B

An infant cannot properly digest substances found in milk, leading to possible intellectual disability if untreated. Which disorder is this?
A. PKU
B. Down syndrome
C. Fragile X syndrome
D. Williams syndrome

A

A pregnant woman frequently consumes alcohol, resulting in a child with cognitive difficulties and facial abnormalities. Which condition may develop?
A. Autism
B. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
C. Dysgraphia
D. Dyspraxia

B

A child avoids eye contact, has sensory sensitivities, and struggles with social interaction. Which condition is MOST likely?
A. Autism
B. Dyslexia
C. Dyscalculia
D. Intellectual giftedness

A

A teacher notices developmental delays early and immediately refers the child for therapy and educational support. This reflects the importance of:
A. Punishment
B. Early intervention
C. Segregation
D. Medication only

B

A student’s learning goals are customized according to individual strengths and weaknesses. Which educational support is this?
A. CBM
B. IEP
C. APD
D. IQ testing

B

A school creates peer inclusion activities and social skills training for a learner with intellectual disability. What type of support is being emphasized?
A. Physical therapy
B. Social and emotional support
C. IQ enhancement
D. Academic punishment

B

A Grade 3 learner struggles severely with reading, spelling, and decoding words despite average intelligence. Which disability is MOST likely?
A. Dyslexia
B. Dysgraphia
C. Dyscalculia
D. Dyspraxia

A

A child inherits reading difficulties that run in the family. Which type of dyslexia is this?
A. Acquired dyslexia
B. Developmental dyslexia
C. Surface dyslexia
D. Mixed dyslexia

B

After a brain injury, an adult suddenly develops severe reading difficulties. Which type of dyslexia is MOST likely?
A. Developmental dyslexia
B. Acquired dyslexia
C. Surface dyslexia
D. Mixed dyslexia

B

A student has difficulty sounding out unfamiliar words. Which type of dyslexia is this?
A. Surface dyslexia
B. Phonological dyslexia
C. Acquired dyslexia
D. Developmental dyslexia

B

A learner struggles with handwriting, spacing letters, and organizing thoughts into writing. Which disorder is MOST likely?
A. Dyslexia
B. Dysgraphia
C. Dyspraxia
D. APD

B

A child cannot easily tell time, count money, or recognize number patterns. Which learning disability is MOST likely?
A. Dysgraphia
B. Dyslexia
C. Dyscalculia
D. Autism

C

A student was born prematurely and later developed difficulty with coordination and motor planning. Which condition may the child have?
A. Dyspraxia
B. Dyslexia
C. APD
D. Intellectual disability

A

A learner hears the teacher’s voice but cannot distinguish it clearly from classroom background noise. Which disorder is MOST likely?
A. ADHD
B. APD
C. Dysgraphia
D. Autism

B

A teacher refers a student for standardized intelligence and academic testing to determine eligibility for special education services. Which tests are commonly used?
A. Personality tests only
B. Intelligence and achievement tests
C. Medical exams only
D. Occupational tests

B

A student’s reading performance is compared against a predetermined mastery standard rather than against classmates. What type of assessment is this?
A. IQ testing
B. Criterion-referenced testing
C. Norm-referenced testing
D. Informal observation

B

A teacher measures a learner’s reading fluency every week using passages from the actual classroom lessons. Which assessment method is being used?
A. Curriculum-based measurement
B. IQ testing
C. Personality assessment
D. Medical screening

A

A teacher checks a student’s math skill every single time the lesson is taught to monitor progress immediately. Which practice is this?
A. Adaptive behavior assessment
B. Direct and daily measurement
C. Standardized testing
D. Observation only

B

A learner performs below average in reading, writing, and mathematics despite receiving regular instruction. According to DSM-5, this may indicate:
A. Intellectual giftedness
B. Specific learning disorder
C. Mood disorder
D. Conduct disorder

B

A teacher notices that a child with learning disability also shows low self-esteem and behavior problems. These are considered:
A. Rare symptoms
B. Common associated characteristics
C. Physical illnesses
D. Genetic markers

B

A researcher explains that the exact cause of many learning disabilities is still unknown. What term refers to the cause of a disorder?
A. Diagnosis
B. Etiology
C. Prognosis
D. Intervention

B

A child experiences learning difficulties because of inherited neurological differences. Which suspected cause category does this belong to?
A. Environmental factors
B. Heredity
C. Brain infection
D. Malnutrition

B

A student with dyslexia receives multisensory reading instruction and phonics intervention. Which skill area is being targeted?
A. Motor coordination
B. Word recognition and decoding
C. Visual acuity
D. Social interaction

B

A learner writes extremely slowly because he struggles to think and write simultaneously. Which disorder is MOST likely?
A. Dyscalculia
B. Dysgraphia
C. Dyspraxia
D. APD

B

A student solves math problems correctly when using objects but struggles with mental calculations and formulas. Which condition may be present?
A. Dyscalculia
B. Dyslexia
C. Autism
D. APD

A

A child becomes frustrated because classmates tease him for reading slowly out loud. Which emotional issue may develop?
A. High self-efficacy
B. Low self-esteem
C. Increased confidence
D. Advanced reasoning

B

A special education teacher uses the Woodcock-Johnson III Test of Achievement to evaluate academic performance. What does this test primarily measure?
A. Adaptive behavior
B. Academic achievement
C. Personality traits
D. Emotional functioning

B

A teacher suspects a student has APD because the learner often misunderstands verbal instructions. Which body system is mainly involved?
A. Digestive system
B. Auditory processing system
C. Motor system
D. Respiratory system

B

A child struggles in school because of both poor word recognition and poor phonological processing. Which type of dyslexia is this?
A. Surface dyslexia
B. Acquired dyslexia
C. Mixed dyslexia
D. Developmental dyslexia

C

A teacher notices a student can understand spoken ideas but cannot express them clearly in written form. Which disorder is MOST likely?
A. Dysgraphia
B. Dyscalculia
C. Autism
D. APD

A

A child’s learning difficulties are believed to result from both genetics and environmental stressors. This supports the idea that learning disabilities:
A. Have only one cause
B. Have multiple possible causes
C. Are always inherited
D. Cannot be explained

B

A school psychologist administers an achievement test to compare a child’s academic skills with same-age peers nationwide. This is an example of:
A. Criterion-referenced assessment
B. Norm-referenced assessment
C. Direct measurement
D. Functional assessment

B

A student with dyslexia receives accommodations such as audiobooks and extended reading time. The goal of these accommodations is to:
A. Punish the learner
B. Promote access to learning
C. Lower academic standards
D. Replace instruction completely

B

A learner with intellectual disability is taught life skills such as money handling and communication to increase independence. Which area is being strengthened?
A. Adaptive functioning
B. Fluid reasoning
C. Processing speed
D. IQ ranking

A

During a case conference, teachers, clinicians, and parents openly share ideas and equally plan interventions for a child with disability. Which principle is BEST demonstrated?
A. Isolation
B. Collaboration
C. Segregation
D. Competition

B

A teacher notices early signs of developmental delay and immediately coordinates assessments and interventions. Why is this important?
A. Early intervention improves long-term functioning
B. IQ cannot change anymore
C. Delays should be ignored first
D. Disabilities disappear naturally

A

Which condition is characterized by social difficulties, sensory sensitivities, and lack of eye contact?
A. Autism
B. Dysgraphia
C. Dyspraxia
D. APD

A

Direct and daily measurement means assessing student performance:
A. Once per grading period
B. Every time a skill is taught
C. During annual testing only
D. Only after intervention

B

Which test compares a student’s performance with peers of the same age?
A. Criterion-referenced test
B. Norm-referenced test
C. Daily measurement
D. Informal observation

B

Standardized intelligence and achievement tests are commonly administered to determine:
A. Personality type
B. Eligibility for special education services
C. Parenting style
D. Emotional maturity

B

About 90% of students identified with learning disabilities have problems with:
A. Speech
B. Reading
C. Motor skills
D. Hearing

B

The term “learning disabilities” was coined by:
A. John Raven
B. David Wechsler
C. Samuel Kirk
D. Alfred Binet

C

Which IQ range is associated with Severe Intellectual Disability?
A. 50–70
B. 35–50
C. 20–35
D. Below 20

C

The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Classroom Edition is commonly used for children ages:
A. 2–5
B. 3–12
C. 4–21
D. 10–18

B

Which adaptive behavior assessment is specifically designed to help diagnose intellectual disability in individuals ages 4–21?
A. Vineland Scale
B. DABS
C. ABAS
D. Raven’s Matrices

B

A teacher evaluates toileting, eating, money handling, and maladaptive behavior. Which scale is MOST likely used?
A. DABS
B. WISC-V
C. ABS-S:2
D. Stanford-Binet

C

The Woodcock-Johnson Test is based on which theory of intelligence?
A. Freud’s theory
B. Piaget’s theory
C. Cattell-Horn-Caroll’s Theory
D. Behavioral theory

C

A child with an IQ of 60 is MOST likely classified as having:
A. Mild ID
B. Moderate ID
C. Severe ID
D. Profound ID

A

To qualify for intellectual disability diagnosis, symptoms must appear before age:
A. 10
B. 12
C. 18
D. 21

C

Which family adaptation stage includes learning legal rights and joining parent support groups?
A. Reflection
B. Identification
C. Advocacy and empowerment
D. Enlightenment

C

Siblings who help explain and support their brother or sister with disability in school are often described as:
A. Overprotected
B. Called into action
C. Isolated
D. Restricted

B

Temporary care services that give parents relief from caregiving responsibilities are called:
A. Consultation
B. Counseling
C. Respite care
D. Reinforcement

C

A mother joins organizations and studies disability laws to fight for proper educational services for her child. Which parental role is demonstrated?
A. Provider
B. Counselor
C. Advocate
D. Caregiver

C

Parents begin researching their child’s disability and learning about therapy services. Which stage of family adaptation is shown?
A. Advocacy and empowerment
B. Self-education
C. Reflection
D. Appreciation

B

During class, one teacher instructs while another observes a student with autism to monitor behavior and participation. Which co-teaching model is this?
A. Station teaching
B. Parallel teaching
C. One Teach, One Observe
D. Supplemental teaching

C

Which collaborative model is considered the MOST collaborative?
A. Coordination
B. Consultation
C. Teaming
D. Observation

C