lesson 86 herd management and parasitic diseases

surveillence

ongoing collection of data on parasitic infection in a specific herd. evaluates effectiveness of control measures

monitoring

pasture/ environmental condition

animal performance; weight gain , milk yeld, BCS

FEC-fecal egg count

counts how many eggs per gram

provides mostly and estimate of parasite burden not exact worm count

limitation is egg output varies by species

FECRT- fecal egg count reduction test

counts egg aftere giving treatment to see if its working

over 95% is effective

under 95% resistance suspected

under 90% resistance confirmed

-keep using that same dewormer until no longer effective

Famacha

check color of lower eyelid=PCV and severity of anemia

1 dark red= non anemic

2 red pink= acceptable

3 pink= milk anemia

4 pale pink= anemic

5 white=severly anemic

targeted antihelmith treatment

should only treat animals showing clinical signs to avoid drug usage and reisstance

refugia

when u leave parasites alone so that they can continue to pass on their susceptable genes and dilute resistance pool

Gastrointestinal nematode in cattle

ostertagia ostertagi-affects young, low productivity

cooperia spp.-calves, growth retardation

fluke of cattle

faciola hepatica (liker fluke)

protozoa of cattle

eimeria spp

gastrointestinal of horses

small and large stronglyes

ascarids (parascaris spp.)

risk factors for gastrointestinal nematodes

poor nutrition, weather, Antihelminth resistance, high stocking density. contaminated pasture

-goats more prone bc they eat everything in the pasture

risk factor for flukes

wat marshy pastures, off schedule treatment

risk factor for ectoparasites

grazing with wildlife-ticks

close confinement-lice and mites

effects of parasitism in ruminants

mostly subclinical, effect measured via production such as weight gain, milk yield and BCS

severe signs: rough hair coat, diarrhea, weight loss, low BCS,

-ecto=pruritis and alopecia

effects of parasite in horses

prevelance high but disease is rare

severe signs: rough hair coat, diarrhea

antihelminth-benzimidazoles

albendazole, fenbendazole, oxfendazole

antihelminth-macrocyclic lactones

ivermectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, moxidection

antihelminth-nicotinic agonist

levamisole, nitroxynil, closantel, clorsulon

ruminants parasite control strategy

avoid low grazing and wet area, increase nutrition

antihelminths treatment

equine parasite control strategy

remove feces regularly, rotate grazing area, avoid overstocking, target selective treatment

GIN treatment 1-2 times a year

parascaris treatment at 2, 5, and 8 months old

which famacha score would you treat small ruminants

4-5

3-depends on how individual animal factors

how do you treat GI parasites vs ectoparasite

GI parasite treat individual based on clinical signs

ectoparasites treat whole herd

internal parasites for pigs

ascaris suum-most important in confinement. milk spots on liver

trichuris suis-pasture

stronglyoids ransomi

ousophagostonum detatum

isospora suis-diarrhea+ death

metastrongylus spp.-pasture

external parasite of pigs

mite: sarcoptes scabeiei

lice: haematopinus suis

stategic deworming for pig

treat sows pre farrowing to reduce piglet exposure

What nemotode parasite is the most inportant in cattle

osteragia

what nematode parasite is most important in sheep and goat

haemonchus

what nematode is most important in swine

ascaris suum

drug resistance is most severe in what species

goats

caveat-”limitation”

for refugia to work drug efficacy must be highhi

high refugia

high concentration of susceptible parasites`