Introduction to Pedagogy and Developmental Psychology

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering basic pedagogical concepts, major developmental theorists, and Riksen-Walraven's pedagogical goals.

Pedagogy

The study of the role of upbringing by parents, caregivers, and educators on the development of children from $0-23$ years.

Orthopedagogy

A field within pedagogy where an orthopedagogue guides children with developmental, behavioral, or learning problems.

Developmental Psychology

A field of study focused on the psychological changes of humans per life phase and increasing age.

Bowlby

A British psychiatrist and founder of the theory of attachment (hechtingstheorie).

Attachment (Hechting)

The emotional bond that a child develops with one or more important caregivers, usually the parents or guardians.

Secure Attachment (Veilige hechting)

A situation where a child feels their signals are responded to, leading to feelings of safety, protection, and self-confidence.

Insecure Attachment (Onveilige hechting)

A problematic attachment where an educator does not respond adequately or appropriately to a child's signals, leaving the child feeling unheard or unseen.

Erik Erikson

An influential psychologist known for his theory of psychosocial development, which involves crises that must be resolved throughout the lifespan.

Sigmund Freud

A Viennese neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis; he viewed human behavior as the result of unconscious psychological processes used to regulate innate drives.

Lawrence Kohlberg

An American developmental psychologist and founder of the stage theory regarding the moral development of children and adults.

Margaret Mahler

The theorist who described the separation-individuation phase, detailing how a child moves from dependence to independence.

Jean Piaget

A Swiss psychologist who developed a theory on cognitive thinking, including language, attention, and memory.

Lev Vygotsky

A Russian developmental psychologist who concluded that cognitive development takes place within a social context and created the model of zones of development.

Zone of Actual Development (Zone 1)

That which a child already knows or can do without help.

Zone of Proximal Development (Zone 2)

That which a child can do with the help of another, such as an educator or another child.

Panic Zone (Zone 3)

A state where a child is asked to do something they cannot do even with help, leading to panic or stress.

Pedagogical Curriculum

The collective knowledge, insights, skills, and values used as a basic package to support children in their upbringing, learning, and development.

Riksen-Walraven's Pedagogical Basic Goal 1

Providing physical and emotional safety.

Riksen-Walraven's Pedagogical Basic Goal 2

Promoting personal competence (developing new skills, talents, and self-confidence).

Riksen-Walraven's Pedagogical Basic Goal 3

Promoting social competence (skills for entering and maintaining social relationships).

Riksen-Walraven's Pedagogical Basic Goal 4

Socialization through the transfer of norms and values.

Competence

A coherent whole of motivation and attitude; knowledge and insight; and skills.

Holistic Approach

A perspective where feeling, experiencing, learning, playing, talking, and thinking are all viewed as integrated in children.

Emotional Competence

The feeling of 'Look, I am allowed to be here' and being able to trust others.

Social Competence

The feeling of 'Look, we do it together,' which arises in relation to other people.

Motor-Sensory Competence

The innate drive to do things independently, such as crawling, walking, or eating.

Cognitive Competence

The drive of children to understand their social and natural worlds through discovery.

Language and Communicative Competence

The ability to make oneself known through sounds, gestures, and eventually spoken language.

Moral Competence

The child's receptivity to rules and rituals and their desire for approval and belonging.

Expressive and Creative Competence

The tendency to express oneself through movement, song, matter (like clay or paint), and beauty.

Physical Safety

Protecting a child from physical injury, danger, or neglect (e.g., covering electrical outlets).

Emotional Safety

The state where a child feels accepted, loved, and safe to express emotions without fear of rejection or punishment.