Science Test

Cell Theory

1. All living things are made of cells

2. A cell is the basic unit of life

3. All cells coming from pre-existing cells

Golgi body

organizes and sends protein  around or out of cell

Vesicles

transport substances throughout the cell

Enzymes

Special proteins that act as helpers to speed up reactions so your body can digest food, fight germs, and copy DNA fast enough.

The nucleus is made up of:

contains chromatin (DNA strands), the nucleolus (makes ribosomes), and RNA that copies DNA instructions and carries them to ribosomes.

DNA:

Genes are sections of DNA that code for one protein. If the DNA code changes (a mutation), the protein can change, which may sometimes lead to tumors.

Why is DNA important?

makes all proteins (hormones, structure, immunity, repair, enzymes). It starts as DNA, forms chromatin strands, then coils into chromosomes.

Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells

Plant: chloroplast, Rectangular shape, Large central vacuole, No centrioles.

Animal: No chloroplast, Rounder shape, Small vacuoles, Centrioles for cell division

Different Cell Kingdoms:

Bacteria, Protists, Plant Cell, Animal Cell

Ribosomes

essential cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis

ER

Rough ER: has ribosomes, makes proteins.
Smooth ER: no ribosomes, makes lipids, detoxifies, stores calcium.

Chloroplast (plant cell)

organelle that uses sunlight to make food (glucose) through photosynthesis.

Large Vacuoles

Stores food, water, and waste

Prokatyotes:

Archaea, Bacteria. No Nucleus

Eukaryotes:

Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protists. In Nucleus