Nervous System: Neurons, Neuroglia, and Brain Anatomy

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering neuron structure, glial cell functions, neuron types, brain divisions, and the ventricular system based on the provided lecture notes.

Nervous system cell types

The two types of cells found in the nervous system are the neuron and neuroglia/glial cells.

Glial cells (neuroglia)

Cells that function to support, nourish, and protect the nervous system.

Schwann cell (neurolemmocyte)

A type of neuroglia studied in the lab; it forms the myelin sheath.

Nissl bodies

Mainly rough endoplasmic reticulum responsible for protein synthesis.

Neurofibrils

Very thin threads that extend into the axon to support it.

Axon

The structure that sends messages away from the neuron and into other cells.

Nerve

A collection of axons.

Synaptic knobs

Structures found at the ends of axon terminals.

Myelin sheath

Formed by Schwann cells and serves as insulation.

Nodes of Ranvier

Gaps between Schwann cells.

Interneurons

Neurons that connect neuron to neuron.

Sensory neurons

Also called afferent neurons; they transmit impulses from sensory receptors to the central nervous system.

Motor neurons

Also called efferent neurons; they transmit impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles or glands.

Major divisions of the brain

The four divisions are the Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Cerebellum, and Brainstem.

Diencephalon components

Consists of the Hypothalamus, Thalamus, optic chiasma, pituitary gland, and the pineal gland.

Brainstem components

Consists of the Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

Lateral fissure

The fissure between the frontal and temporal lobe

Longitudinal fissure

The crevice between the two hemispheres

Transverse fissure

The crevice between the cerebrum and the cerebellum

Ventricle filling

The ventricles are filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

Lateral ventricles location

Located in the cerebrum.

Third ventricle location

Located in the midline region of the diencephalon.

Fourth ventricle location

In the hindbrain, between the brainstem and cerebellum

Cerebral aqueduct

The structure that connects the third to the fourth ventricle.

Choroid plexus

A specialized capillary bed located in the roof of each ventricle.