Reading and Writing

Reading

A cognitive process and language skill that can be developed through constant practice.

Main Ideas

Key points that summarize the content of a text.

Coherence

The logical arrangement of connected ideas in a text.

Coherent Text

A text composed of sentences that present connected ideas.

Factors Influencing Reading

Elements such as readers' experiences, beliefs, attitudes, language and culture, and physical and social environment.

Genre

A category of artistic composition that classifies texts based on external criteria.

Text Type

Categorized based on purpose and similarities in linguistic forms and patterns.

Science Fiction

A genre that explores futuristic concepts, advanced technology, and space exploration.

Biography

A narrative of a person's life, emphasizing significant experiences and accomplishments.

Narrative

A text type that tells a story, focusing on characters, setting, conflict, and resolution.

Expository

A text type intended to explain or inform, presenting factual information or analysis.

Brainstorming

A process of generating ideas to solve a design problem, often involving a group.

Idea Listing

The act of listing down ideas about a particular topic.

Idea Mapping

A visual representation of ideas and their connections, also known as web clustering.

Cubing

An idea exploration method from six distinct viewpoints:describe, compare, associate, analyze, apply, argue.

Free Writing

Continuous writing without inhibitions, disregarding spelling and grammar.

Researching

The process of gathering information from libraries or websites.

Graphic Organizers

Visual tools that present essential information and connect it into a coherent framework.

Venn Diagram

A graphic organizer used to compare and contrast using overlapping circles.

Network Tree

A diagram representing hierarchy, classification, and relationships.

Spider Map

A visual tool to investigate and enumerate various aspects of a central idea, also known as a semantic map.

Problem-Solution Map

A graphic organizer that outlines the nature of a problem and potential solutions.

Chart

A systematic arrangement of information.

Diagram

A visual representation showing arrangement or relationships.

Flowchart

A series of boxes and arrows illustrating a step-by-step process.

Graph

A visual representation showing the relationship between quantities.

Illustration

A drawing depicting people, places, objects, or events.

Map

A drawing representing part of the Earth, showing features like oceans and countries.

Photo

A printed image capturing people, places, objects, or events.

Realia

Detailed photos of real historical objects, such as posters or newspaper articles.

Table

A systematic arrangement of data in rows and columns.

Timeline

A linear representation of facts or events over time.