PSYCHOLOGY 108 TEST THREE: PERSONALITY AND INTELLIGENCE

Personality

Unique emotional, behavioural, cognitive tendencies displayed overtime

Trait Theory

Personality made up of enduring, relatively consistent traits exhibited across contexts

Gordon Allport

Words to describe people, central traits that affect behaviour

Raymond Cattell

Personality traits in and shown through language, 16 continuum factors

Hans Eyesneck

Extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism

McCrae and Costa

Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

Trait View

Individuals think/behave consistently across situations

Situationalist View

Thoughts and behaviours change depending on the situation

Mischel and Peake

University conscientiousness, situationalist, more consistent in similar situations, identity influence how others behave

Interactionalist View

Psychologically similar situations will cause similar behaviours, more narrow traits are reliable, personality influencial

Culture

Openness as rebellious and unconventional

Sixth Dimension

Honesty-humility

David Wechsler

Added practical skills to IQ testing

Calculating IQ in Children

Mental age / chronological age x 100

Calculating IQ in Adults

Comparison to standardised sample where mean is 100

IQ Test Flaws

Motivation, honesty reliant, substance use, mental health, and brain trauma affect scores

Spearman

G Factor

Thurstone

Perceptual speed, reasoning, associative memory, word fluency, number facility, spacial visualisation, verbal comprehension

Cattell and Horn

Fluid and crystallised

Fluid Intelligence

Learning new things, solving novel problems without relying on previous knowledge or experience

Crystallised Intelligence

Previously learned knowledge and experience gained overtime to deal with similar situations

Fluid Intelligence Characteristics

Usually peaks in early adulthood, might deteriorate with age, more affected by drugs and alcohol

Howard Gardner

Spacial, linguistic, intrapersonal, musical, logical-mathematical, interpersonal, naturalist, existential, bodily-kinesthetic

Rober Sterberg

Creative, analytic, practical

Multiple Intelligences Criticism VS Support

Talents, trauma and injury may only affect certain areas