Population and Migration Patterns and Processes

These flashcards cover key terminology and concepts related to population and migration patterns, providing definitions and explanations essential for understanding demographic studies.

Population Distribution

The pattern in which humans are spread out on Earth's surface.

Population Density

A measure that tells us how many people live in an area of a specified size.

Arithmetic Density

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit area of arable land.

Agricultural Density

The number of farmers per unit of farmable land.

Enduring Understanding

Understanding where and how people live is essential to understanding global cultural, political, and economic patterns.

Push Factors

Negative conditions that make a person want to move away from a certain area.

Pull Factors

Positive conditions that attract a person to a particular place.

Forced Migration

The involuntary movement of people from their home or country due to conflict, persecution, or natural disasters.

Voluntary Migration

Movement of people who choose to relocate for better opportunities.

Dependency Ratio

The number of people who are not of working age relative to the number of people who are of working age.

Malthusian Theory

The theory suggesting that population growth will outpace food production leading to starvation.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A model that illustrates the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops.

Age Structure

The distribution of people of various ages within a population.

Urbanization

The process by which an increasing percentage of a population lives in cities.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The number of births per 1,000 people in an area.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in an area.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The total number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a year.

Life Expectancy

The average number of years a person can expect to live.

Sex Ratio

The ratio of males to females in a population.

Replacement Level Fertility

The average number of children needed to replace both parents and stabilize population over time.