benchmark exam

Most inferior laryngeal cartilage / top ring of trachea?

Cricoid cartilage

Posterior cricoarytenoid is the only ______ muscle.

Abducter muscle

Humans phonate during ______.

Exhalation

Infants get more ear infections because of:

Poor drainage from the Eustachian tube

Damage here causes non-fluent, halting speech.

Broca’s area

Hypoglossal nerve damage affects ability to:

Move the tongue

Respiratory function affected by all EXCEPT:

Nutrition

Dysphagia evaluation using metallic compound in food?

Videofluoroscopy (Modified Barium Swallow)

Hamburger requires longer oral preparatory phase than:

A spoonful of pudding, a sip of a milkshake, and a drink of water

Thyroid cartilage:

Forms front and lateral walls of larynx

Planning study strategies uses the ________.

Prefrontal cortex

Vocal nodules are an example of:

An organic communication disorder

Covers trachea during swallowing:

Epiglottis

Soft palate=

Velum

Anterior-most tongue part:

Tip

Vocal fold adductors:

Interarytenoids + Lateral cricoarytenoids

Cranial nerve for laryngeal muscles:

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Specialized cells sending info in brain/body:

Neuron

Reduced laryngeal sensation raises risk of:

Aspiration pneumonia

Morphemes in “I don’t like when Brian’s dog bites”

10

Social interaction theory =

Lev Vygotsky

200 words + two-word utterances by:

24 months

Noam Chomsky was a:

Nativist

Play time:

Provides context for learning about people, objects, relationships

“nana” for banana =

Weak syllable deletion

Lexical morpheme example:

Girl

/l/ and /r/ errors in 3-year-old?

Still developmental (not concerning)

Thinking about language itself =

Metalinguistic skills

NOT autism feature

Increase in eye contact

Sound system of language:

Phonology

Tense endings/word parts =

Morphology

Sentence structure=

Syntax

Word meaning=

Semantics

Standing too close/talking too loudly suggests disorder of:

Pragmatics

Object permanence means:

Objects exist even when unseen

First prelinguistic stage:

Crying and cooing

Means-end behavior:

Using a tool to achieve a goal

MLU tracks:

Increasing language complexity

IPA represents:

Sounds, not spelling

Distinctive sounds of language =

Phonemes

Moveable vocal cavity parts =

Articultors

NOT used to define vowels:

Manner of articulation

NOT used to define consonants:

Jaw height

Stressed syllable recognized by:

Rise in pitch

Shortest vowel duration:

Neat

“with them” → /wɪðɛm/

Elision

-ed in “kicked” =

/t/

Connected speech maintains rapidness because:

Syllable boundaries overlap

Immovable articulators:

Alveolar ridge and teeth

“tote” for “coat” =

Regressive assimilation

NOT suprasegmental:

Nasality

Questions usually end with:

Rising intonation

NOT minimal pair:

Can’t/cannot

“thought” IPA:

/θɔt/

First syllable of “above”

ə (schwa)

Second syllable vowel in “above”

ʌ

NOT non-assimilatory process:

Formant

“exactly” without /t/ =

Elision

F0=

Fundamental frequency

FALSE about simple harmonic motion:

Visualized as a complex wave

Resonant frequency:

Frequency with greatest vibratory response

Fundamental frequency perceived as:

Pitch

NOT part of source-filter theory:

Cutoff frequencies

Speech science studies how humans ___ and ___ speech.

Produce and perceive

Vocal tract resonance NOT determined by:

Length of trachea

3rd harmonic of 1000 Hz =

3000 Hz

2000 cycles/sec =

2000 Hz

Frequency increases → period ____

Decreases

FALSE about spectrograms:

Amplitude shown on y-axis

Spectral feature of stops:

Release burst

Which of the following instruments could be used to measure hypernasal resonance?

Nasometer

Destructive interference causes:

A decrease in amplitude

Intelligibility judged through transcription is:

Perceptual