L1- The Periodic Table

Flashcards covering the key concepts of the periodic table as discussed in the lecture.

What is the periodic law?

The properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.

Who independently recognized the periodic relationship of elements in the late 19th century?

Dimitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer.

What did Mendeleev do that differed from Meyer in their periodic table creations?

Mendeleev predicted the existence of elements that had yet to be discovered.

What are the three categories of elements based on their properties?

Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

What defines alkali metals, and where are they located in the periodic table?

Alkali metals are in group $1$ and form one-to-one compounds with hydrogen.

What are alkaline earth metals and their position in the periodic table?

Alkaline earth metals are in group $2$ and form one-to-two compounds with hydrogen.

What are the element groups known as chalcogens and halogens?

Chalcogens are in group $16$ and halogens are in group $17$.

What does the term 'noble gases' refer to in the periodic table?

Noble gases are in group $18$ and are known for being inert.

How are the elements in the periodic table typically organized?

Elements are arranged in increasing order of atomic numbers and grouped by similar properties.

What is the significance of hydrogen in the context of the periodic table?

Hydrogen is unique and may be shown at the top of groups $1$ and $17$ due to its properties.

What major contributions did Gertrude Elion and George Hitchens make related to the periodic table?

They used similarities between sulfur and oxygen to develop treatments for leukemia.

What are the elements with atomic mass given in square brackets?

These are mainly elements consisting entirely of unstable, radioactive isotopes.

What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?

The horizontal rows are called periods.

What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?

The vertical columns are called groups.

What are the labels for the elements in groups $3$ through $12$?

These elements are known as transition metals.

What are the two rows of elements usually placed below the main table called?

These are the inner transition metals, which include lanthanides and actinides.

What physical properties are typical of metals?

Metals are typically shiny, malleable, and excellent conductors of heat and electricity.

What are the physical characteristics of nonmetals?

Nonmetals are typically dull, brittle, and poor conductors of heat and electricity.

What are the defining characteristics of metalloids?

Metalloids have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals and conduct heat and electricity moderately well.