Energy exam 3!

A dyanamo is a device that makes ___ currents with ____

direct, electromagnetism

Direct currents move in ___ direction, has ___ high capacity over long distances, and can ___ be amped up

one, less, not

Michael Faraday disc was the first _____ generator

electric

alternative currents convert ______ energy to _____ energy using electromagnetism, moves in ____ directions and can be ___ up

mechanical, electrical, both, amped

_____ was the first industrial use of hydropower to generate electricity in the US, use of ____ to power water turbine

1880, lamps

_____ channels portions of a river through a canal or piper into a ____ and generator

diversion, turbine

diversion uses the ___ flow of a river, does not typically require a large ___

natural, dam

Impoundment stores water in a ____, releases to spin ____, turns ____

reservoir, turbine, generator

hydropower captures ____ from water, converts into ____

energy, electricity

Pumped storage hydropower works like a huge ____, to charge water is pumped back into reservoir during low energy then can be released

battery

hydropower facilities use ____ and ____ to convert power into electricity

turbines, generators

Stairs hydroelectric plant was the first plant to provide electricity to salt lake city, uses ___ current

direct

During the 1930s large scale projects created numerous ___, providing ____ development and ____ power generation during the ____

dams, rural, electric, depression

In the 1930s the need for power led to the construction of the largest concrete construction in the world at the time. The ___ dam with funding from the ____ government

Hoover, federal

In the 1930s there is construction of dams for ____ , power and ____ electricity

irrigation, rural

Funding for dams construction is coming from the _______ ____

federal government

Glen canyon dam creates first______, loss of spectacular _____, formation of lake ____, one of the largest man made reservoirs in the US

controversy, canyons, Powell

US dam construction peaks in the _____, few built in the ____, growing concern about ____ damages led to removal and installation of ___ _____

1960s, 1970s, rivers, fish ladders

Grand coulee is the ____ hydroelectric power station with a total capacity of _____ MW, the second largest is _____ MW

largest, 6,800, 3,000

Dams result in signficant changes to ____ river, lots of dams in ___, lots of smaller dams in ____, and in _____ falls

Columbia, Washington, California, Niagra

Hydroelectric power varies with ____ stream flows

seasonal

Main issue with hydroelectric is ____ with rainfall

variability

______ can effect hydroelectric, dependent on _____, and ____ can be depleted

droughts, rainfall, reservoirs

Lake Powell experiencing _____ in water level, if levels get too low ____ produce power

declines, cant

3,400 feet is minimum ____ pool elevation of Lake powell, if water below the elevation ability to produce power is ____

power, loss

at 3,700 feet lake powell becomes a ___ pool, no longer able to deliver water to lower ___ river basin through dam

dead, colorado

In the western us hydropower electric generation is ____, with a 22 year record ___ in 2023

declining, low

currently us hydroelectricity generation is super ____, peaking during the 19___, mid 19___, and late ____

low, 70s, 80s, 90s

the share of total us electricity generation is ____ since the 1950s

declining

renewable electricity generation is increasing, hydroelectricity is ___ contributing, solar and wind are.

not

_____ of viable hydroelectric sites and big ____ with dams contributes to declines in hydroelectricity

loss, pushback

___ has surpassed hydro as ____ used renewable electricity source in the US

wind, most

____ energy predicted to surpass hydropower in 2024

solar

a ____ percentage of dams in the US produce electricity, most dams were constructed for ___, urban ___ supply, and ___ control

small, irrigation, water, flood

pumped storage hydropower acts as a giant water ____, storing energy by moving water between ____ at different elevations

battery, reservoirs

using ____ and/or ____ to pump water ___, letting it flow ___ slowly from there when you need it through generators

wind, solar, uphill, down,

China is really building out their ___ storage, helping to integrate growing ___ and ___ power

pumped, wind, solar

China three gorges dam has _____ MW capacity

22,500

the ____ region is increasingly ___ as an energy source for brazil and other south american nations

amazon, attractive

Chinas hydropower capacity far ___ any other country, the US is ___ to china, and the us capacity is less than ____ of china. The third leading country is __

surpasses, second, half, brazil

hydroelectricty generates roughly ___ percent of us electricity and ___ of global electricity

7, 19

US has around _____ dams, most are ____ somewhere

80,000, impounded

The ____ of water, ___ flows, and ___ of passage are three damaging effects of dams

degradation, slow, blockage

slow moving water or still water ___ up, ____ nutrient buildup, affects ___ species, can cause ___ and ___ oxygen levels

heats, accumulates, sensitive, algal blooms, decreases

slow flows ____ migrating fish and ___ seasonal variations that trigger ____ cycles

disorients, destroys

dams ____ fish migration, ___ ability to access ___ habitat, ___ resources and escape _____

prevent, reduce, spawning, food, predation

Belo monte dam is the ___ largest dam in the world, located in ___, supplying ___ of their electricity

third, brazil, 11%

China has the worlds ___ hydroelectric dam, the preceeding four are in ___, venezuela, and paraguary

largest, brazil

Bel montes project desginers may have misestimated ___ rates and ____ between wet and dry seasons

flow, fluctuations

deforestation can cause ____ in river flows

reductions

Belo monte experienced signifcant ____ because of significant ___ _____ harm to the river and ____ peoples

backlash, socio environmental, indigenous

Dam removal results in the first ____ reaching the upper kalamath in over ___ year

salmon, 100

significant _____ regarding hydropower in the amazon region

controversy

it is ___ likely to see many new large scale projects in the US, likely to see conversion of _____ dams and upgrades to more efficient _____

not, non-electricity, turbines

microhydro is ____ generators, with ___ to ___ kw of electricity, can be ____ or ______ systems

small, 5, 100, homemade, community oriented

microhydropower is an ___ energy source, ____ as a ____ supply of electricial energy in comparision to other small scale renewables, ___ reservoir required which reduces ecological damage, it is cost ____, with small _____ fees, can be used for power for ___ ___ and can be intergrated with local power grid

efficent, reliable, continious, no, effective, maintenance, off grid

microhydro is disadvantaged by ___ power during some ____ with seasonal stream flow _____

lower, seasons

microhydro ____ away stream water which can impact local _____

diverts, ecology

disadvantages of microhydro include requirements for ____ ____ characteristics, such as ___ distances from power sources, ____ size, and a ___ of system components (inverters, batteries etc)

suitable site, small, stream, balance

other disadvantages of microhydro include: ____ expansion is not possible, ___ and ___ of streams can restrict future site _____

energy, size, flow, expansion

tidal _____ like dams are installed across an ___ of a tidal basin. _____ gates allow the basin to ____ on ____ tides and ___ through an electricity ____ system on the ____ ebb tide

barrages, inlet, sluice, fill, incoming, empty, turbine, outgoing

tidal ____ look similar to ___ turbines but they are ____ and ____, they are placed on a sea ___ with strong ___ ____

turbines, wind, heavier, sturdier, floor, tidal flow

A ___ way tidal power system generates electricity from both the ___ and ____ tide

two, incoming, outgoing

wave power ____ capture energy in the ___ and ___ movements of waves, generating power that is transmitted by an underwater ____ to the electric grid onshore. power capacity is ____ kw

buoys, up, down, cables

there are____ different ___ and technologies for capturing and ____ wave energy that are under development. Including placing devices ___ or just ___ the surface of the water and anchoring devices to the ocean ___

many, methods, converting, on, below, floor