The Dog, Test #1

Canis Lupus Familiaris

Domesticated Dog

Domestication of the Dog

About 30,000 years ago, Upper Paleolithic

The Saluki

Ancient Egypt, Persian Greyhound, Great Sprinter

The Pekingese

China, Written-Standard, Selective breeding health problems

Tandem Repeats

Short lengths of DNA that are repeated multiple times within a gene

Dyspnea

Difficulty Breathing

Pleural Space

Space for lungs to expand

Thoracocentesis

Stick needle down the throat to exam fluid or air buildup in the pleural space

Transudate

Low WBC Count

Modified Transudate

Moderate WBC Count

Exodate

High WBC Count

Chylothorax

Impairment of normal lymphatic drainage/disruption of lymphatics

Dog Club

Organization for canine affairs over breeding, showing, and promotion over 1 or more breeds of dogs

Kennel Club

London, 1873

Purpose of Kennel Club

Maintain breed standards, record pedigrees, rules for shows/trials, registry for purebreds

American Kennel Club

1884, Largest registry

WCO

World Canine Organization

The 8 Dog Breeds

Sporting, Hound, Working, Terrier, Toy, Non-sporting, Herding, Miscellaneous

Golden Retriever

Sporting, Scottish Highlands, Water repellent coat, Broad head, 60-75 lbs., Gentle/Stable/Active, Congenital Eye Defects

Labrador Retriever

Sporting, Newfoundland, Water-resistant double coat, Black/Yellow/Chocolate, 55-80 lbs., Loving/Patient, Progressive Retinal Atrophy

Irish Setter

Ireland, Silky Feather Red Coat, Long Chiseled Head, Long Muzzle, 60-70 lbs., Energetic/Extrovert, Bloat/Elbow Dysplasia

Beagle

Hound, Short Easy Coat, Square Muzzle, Tricolor/Red and White, 18-30 lbs., Friendly/Sensitive, Deafness/Hypothyroidism

Dachshund

Germany, Fight Badgers, Long Body, Expressive, Variable Coat, 16-32 lbs., Playful/Stubborn, Spinal Problems

Irish Wolfhound

Roman, Tallest, Runner, 105-120 lbs. min., Family/Chase, Short Lifespan/Bone Cancer

Cane Corso

Working, Italy, Athletic, Strong Skeleton, Trainable/Quiet, Hip Dysplasia

Rottweiler

Working, Drover Dog, Powerful, Black with Rust, Triangular High-Up Ears, 77-132 lbs., Calm/Protection, No Problems

Siberian Husky

Working, Chukchi Tribe, Well-Furred, Erect Ears, Brush Tail, 35-60 lbs., Howl/Varied, Seizures/Genetic Defects

Miniature Schnauzer

Terrier, Germany, Handsome Appearance, Double Coat, Salt/Pepper Black/Silver Black, 11-18 lbs., Spirited/Intelligent, Hyperlipidemia/Pancreatitis

Manchester Terrier

Terrier, England, Black with Mahogany, Short Coat, Taper Tail, Long Wedge Head, Observant/Neutral, von Willebrand’s Disease

Smooth Fox Terrier

Terrier, British Isles, White with Black/Tan Markings, Even Coat, 16-18 lbs., Playful/Pedophile, Deafness/Luxating Patella

Pomeranian

Toy, Pomerania, Compact Short Backed, Plumed Tail, Double Coat, 3-7 lbs., Bonded/Lively, Merl Deaf/Intraocular Pressure

Yorkshire Terrier

Toy, England, Glossy Fine Straight Hair, Small Flat Head, 3-7 lbs., Active/Overprotective, Hydrocephalus/Portosystemic Shunt

Silky Terrier

Toy, Australia, Low Set, Refined Structure, Silky Coat, 8-11 lbs., Alert/Social, Healthy/Tracheal Collapse

Lowchen

Non-sporting, Pre-Renaissance, Small Compact, Short Wide Muzzle, Long Flowing Mane, 10-18 lbs., Happy/Intelligent, Healthy

Shiba Inu

Non-sporting, Japan, Agile, Keen Senses, Even Double Coated, 20-25 lbs., Independent/Strong Drive, Allergies

Tibetan Spaniel

Non-sporting, China, Domed Head, Blunt Muzzle, 9-15 lbs., Assertive/Nervous, Retinal Atrophy/Weeping Eyes

Icelandic Sheepdog

Herding, Iceland, Prick Ears, Curled Tail, Thick Weatherproof Coat, 20-30 lbs., Tough/Enthusiastic, Healthy

Bouvier des Flanders

Herding, Belgium, Powerful Coupled, Wide Muscular Neck, Large Head, 60-120 lbs., Rational/Gentle, Hip Dysplasia/Eye Problems

Bearded Collie

Herding, Scotland, Broad Flat Skull, Long Lean Sized, 40-60 lbs., Curious/Confident, Addison’s Disease

Dogo Argentino

Miscellaneous, Argentina, Large Muscular Body, Thick Tail, 90-130 lbs., Fierce/Courageous, Hip Dysplasia/Skin Diseases

Peruvian Inca Orchid

Miscellaneous, Peru, Slim Body, No Hair, 9-55 lbs., Affectionate/Wary, Hairless less Healthy

Chinook

Miscellaneous, American, Hook Muzzle, Sickle Tail, Close-fitting Coat, 55-90 lbs., Calm/Kind, Epilepsy

Metastasis

Spread and establishment of cancer cells to distant areas

Angiogenesis

Development of new blood vasculature

Stages of Metagenesis

Angiogenesis, Detachment, Intravasation, Evasion, Arrest, Attachment, Extravasation, Growth

Chemotherapy

Administration of chemical reagents which have a specific toxic effect on neoplastic cells

Antimetabolites

Analogues of compounds used in biosynthesis

Alkylating Agents

Interstrand DNA binding

Radiation

Ionizing radiation to control or kill malignant cancer

Lymphoma

B-cells/T-cells over proliferate, Comes in stages spreading across lymph nodes and immune system

Multiple Myeloma

Plasma cell tumor is systemic, Need 2/4: IgG/A monoclonal gammopathy, Osteolytic Bone Lesions, >10% Neoplastic cells, Bence Jones Proteinuria

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Mature lymphocytes infiltrate the Bone Marrow

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Immature lymphoblasts infiltrate Bone Marrow

Mammary Tumors

Intact Bitches, Epithelial Mesenchymal Mast Cell, All malignant

Mast Cell Tumors

Visceral masses to spleen, liver, and/or kidney

Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Skin tumors

Osteosarcomas

Primary bone tumor

Hemangiosarcoma

Incidental finding or collapse and recover

Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Bladder Cancer, repeat patients as sign

Benign Tumors

Free moving masses

Trichoepithelioma

Cystic hair follicle neoplasms

Quadruped

Stand on 4 feet

Digitigrade

Digits have majority contact with the ground

Cursorial

Limbs, Feet, and Skeletal Structure adapted for running

Midsagittal/Median Plane

Divides animal into equal left and right halves

Sagittal/Paramedian Plane

Parallel the median plane

Transverse Plane

Divides animal into front and back

Dorsal Plane

Divides animal into top and bottom

Cranial

Towards the Head

Caudal

Towards the Tail

Anterior/Posterior

Describing the eye

Rostral

Towards the nose

Dorsal

Towards the back

Ventral

Towards the belly

Medial

Towards the midline

Lateral

Away from the midline

Proximal

Towards the limb origin

Distal

Away from limb origin

Maxillary/Mandibular

Upper/Lower Jaw

Internal/External

Towards Inside/Outside of body

Longitudinal

Long axis of the body

Superficial/Deep

Towards/Below skin surface

Axial/Abaxial

Towards/Away from axis of limb

Palmar/Plantar

Bottom of front/back paw

Oral/Aboral

Towards/Away from the mouth

Ipsilateral/Contralateral

Same/Opposite side of limb

Extend

Increase angle formed by hinge joint

Flex

Decrease angle formed by hinge joint

Abduct

Move limb away from body

Adduct

Move limb towards body

Supinate

Rotate limb so manus/pes is lateral

Pronate

Rotate limb so manus/pes is medial

Dew

Reduced/Absent digit on hindlimbs

Withers

Top of the shoulder blades

Stifle

Dog Knee

Scapula

Shoulder Blade

Femur

Thigh bone of hindleg

Patella

Kneecap

Axial Skeleton

Skull, Vertebral Column, 13 pairs of ribs, pelvis, C1 Vertebrae

Appendicular Skeleton

Bones of the limbs, C2 Vertebrae