Chemistry Unit 11

Kinetic molecular theory

the theory that all matter is composed of particles (atoms and molecules) moving constantly in random directions

Kinetic Energy

Energy of motion

Elastic Collision

A collision in which colliding objects rebound without lasting deformation or the generation of heat.

Temperature

A measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.

Pascal

A unit of pressure equal to one newton per square meter

Pressure

Force per unit area.

Absolute Zero

The coldest temperature, 0 Kelvin, that can be reached. It is the hypothetical temperature at which all molecular motion stops.

Dalton's Law

(partial pressure) and Hentry's law (gases dissolving in liquids) later

Combined Gas Law

P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2

Molar Volume

the volume occupied by 1 mole of a gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP); 22.4 L

Ideal Gas Law

law that states the math relationship of pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), the gas constant (R), and the number of moles of a gas (n); PV=nRT.

Ideal Gas Constant

An experimentally determined constant whose value in the ideal gas equation depends on the units that are used for pressure.

Units of ideal gas constant

expressed in units of energy (i.e. the pressure-volume product) per temperature increment per mole

STP

Standard Temperature and Pressure. 273 Kelvin (0 Celsius), 1 atmosphere (760 torr, 760 kPA).

Units of molar mass

Grams per mole