AP World History Modern: Unit 1

champa rice

quick-maturing rice that allowed China's population to grow faster

proto-industrialization

people in rural areas can make more goods than they can sell

artisans

skilled craftsworkers

scholar gentry

Chinese class that was educated in Confucian philosophy- the most influential social class

filial piety

respect for elders in Confucianism

Grand Canal

A canal linking northern and southern China

Song Dynasty

(960-1279 CE) The Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts.

imperial bureaucracy

appointed officials carry out empire policies

meritocracy

a system in which promotion is based on results of an exam (merit)

woodblock printing

a form of printing in which an entire page is carved into a block of wood- influential for paper in printing in China

foot binding

feet were wrapped so tightly that their bones did not grow normally (for girls)- it conveyed social status

buddhism

A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha.

theravada buddhism

focus on personal growth through meditation and discipline

mahayana buddhism

focused on growth for beings and service; popular in China and Korea

Tibetan buddhism

focused on chanting

syncretic

A religion that combines several traditions

Chan (Zen) Buddhism

focuses on real-world experience and meditation; a fused religion of Confucianism and Buddhism

Neo-Confucianism

popular from 770-840; mainly focuses on ethics and is a syncretic religion of Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism- very popular nearby China

Heian Period

(794 - 1100) move the capital to Heian; 300 years of developing a new culture but also borrowing from China in Japan

nuclear families

just wife, husband and kids (popular in Vietnam)

polygyny

more than one wife (opposed in Vietnam)

Mamluk Sultanate

a sultanate established in Egypt by Mamluks, enslaved people who were ethnic turks

Seljuk Turks

turks whose power stretched from the Middle East to China

sultan

leader of Seljuk turks

Mongols

a group from Central Asia who ended Abbasid and Seljuk rule in 1258

Abbasid Caliphate

(750-1258 CE) The caliphate, after the Umayyads

Mamluks

enslaved people from Turkey

Muhammad

Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam.

Crusaders

groups of soldiers to reopen access to Christians whose freedom of travel had been limited by Seljuk Turks

Sufis

muslims who attempted to grasp truths that could not be understood through learning

House of Wisdom

a center of learning established in Baghdad in the 800s

Baghdad

capital of Iraq that used to be very wealthy but was ruined by trade routes shifting towards the north

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

scholar who studied astronomy, philosophy and science and math- laid the foundation for trig

A'ishah al-Ba'uniyyah

female Muslim writer and sufi