greek exam 3

30 Years’ Peace

Treaty meant to prevent war between Athens and Sparta (446/445 BCE)

Acropolis

Hilltop religious center of Athens

Agoge

Spartan military training system for boys

Alcibiades

Athenian leader who switched sides in the war

Antigone / Antigone in Ferguson

Play about law vs. morality; modern racial justice adaptation

Aristotle

Philosopher; student of Plato; studied ethics, politics, science

Athenian women’s lives

Limited rights; focused on home and family

Brasidas

Skilled Spartan general in Peloponnesian War

Catharsis

Emotional release felt by tragedy audience

Chorus

Group that comments on action in Greek drama

Cleon

Aggressive Athenian pro-war politician

Corcyra

City-state known for violent civil conflict

Creon

King in Antigone; represents state authority

Deianira

Wife of Heracles who causes his death unintentionally

Elgin Marbles Debate

Dispute over Parthenon sculptures in Britain

Erechtheion

Acropolis temple with Caryatid statues

Gortyn Law Code

Early written Greek law from Crete

Helots

Enslaved workers in Sparta

Heracles

Mythic hero of the Twelve Labors

Hetairai

Educated courtesans with more freedom

Homoioi

Full Spartan citizens (“equals”)

Ideals/Realities for women

Ideals vs. actual roles in Athens/Sparta

Lycurgus

Legendary Spartan lawgiver

Megara

City-state allied with Sparta

Mimesis

Imitation of reality in art

Mytilenian Debate

Athenian argument over punishing revolt

Oikonomia

Household management; origin of “economics”

Parthenon

Temple to Athena on Acropolis

Peace of Nicias

Temporary truce in Peloponnesian War

Peloponnesian War

War between Athens and Sparta (431–404 BCE)

Periclean Building Program

Athenian construction projects under Pericles

Pericles

Leading Athenian statesman

Pericles’ Funeral Oration

Speech praising democracy and war dead

Perioikoi

Free non-citizens in Sparta

Philosophy vs. religion vs. science

Different ways Greeks explained the world

Plataea

Battle site vs. Persia; later destroyed

Plato

Philosopher; wrote Republic

Potidaea

Revolt helped start Peloponnesian War

Propylea

Gateway to the Acropolis

Pythagoras

Philosopher-mathematician

Sicilian Expedition

Failed Athenian invasion of Sicily

Slavery

Common system; no rights for enslaved people

Socrates

Philosopher executed by Athens

Sophocles

Tragedian; wrote Antigone

Spartan lifestyle

Militaristic, disciplined society

Spartan mirage

Idealized/exaggerated view of Sparta

Sphacteria

Battle where Sparta soldiers were captured

Temple of Athena Nike

Victory temple on Acropolis

The ‘First’ Peloponnesian War

Earlier Athens-Sparta conflict

The Grand Tour

European travel to classical sites

The Long Walls

Walls connecting Athens to its port

The Sophists

Teachers of rhetoric and argument

Thucydides

Historian of Peloponnesian War

Tragedy

Serious drama about suffering

White Nationalist abuse

Misuse of classical past for racist ideas

Women of Trachis

Play about Heracles and Deianira