Drugs

COX-1

Constitutively expressed enzyme in all cells, especially in the GI tract; selective inhibitors can cause GI side effects.

COX-2

Inducible enzyme expressed during inflammation; constitutively expressed in kidneys and linked to cardiovascular issues.

Prostaglandins

Lipid compounds with various functions, including vascular dilation and platelet aggregation.

Prostacyclins

A class of prostaglandins that promote vascular dilation and decrease platelet aggregation.

Thromboxanes

A class of prostaglandins that cause vasoconstriction and increase platelet aggregation.

PGD/PGE

Prostaglandins that cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.

Aspirin

COX-1 selective NSAID that binds irreversibly; indicated for inflammation, pain, and thrombosis prevention.

Aspirin Side Effects

Can cause GERD and GI ulcers; contraindicated in children due to risk of Reye syndrome.

Indomethacin

Reversible COX inhibitor used for pain and to close patent ductus arteriosus; contraindicated with lithium.

Ibuprofen/Naproxen

Reversible COX inhibitors used for pain, inflammation, and as antipyretics.

Celecoxib

Selective COX-2 inhibitor associated with higher risk of cardiovascular issues due to increased thromboxane production.