l12/13 myology of hip, thigh, leg, foot

anterior hip group (3)

• iliacus

• psoas major

• psoas minor

iliacus (o/i)

origin: iliac fossa (of ilium)

insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

psoas major (o/i)

origin: lumbar vertebrae

insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

psoas minor (o/i)

origin: superior lumbar vertebrae

insertion: pectineal line

posterolateral hip group/gluteus (4)

• gluteus maximus

• gluteus medius

• gluteus minimus

• tensor fasciae latae

gluteus maximus (o/i)

origin: iliac crest of ilium, sacrum, coccyx

insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract

gluteus maximus (shape/architecture)

shape: sheet/flat

architecture: parallel

gluteus maximus function

extension+lateral rotation of hip joint

gluteus medius (o/i)

origin: lateral ilium above anterior gluteal line

insertion: greater trochanter of femur

gluteus medius (shape/architecture)

shape: fan

architecture: convergent

gluteus medius function

abduction and medial rotation of hip joint

gluteus minimus (o/i)

origin: lateral ilium below anterior gluteal line

insertion: greater trochanter of femur

gluteus minimus (shape/architecture)

shape: fan

architecture: convergent

gluteus minimus function

abduction and medial rotation of hip joint

tensor fasciae latae (o/i)

origin: anterior superior iliac spine and iliac crest

insertion: iliotibial tract

tensor fasciae latae (shape/architecture)

shape: sheet/flat

architecture: parallel

tensor fasciae latae function

flexion and abduction of hip joint

deep gluteal group (6)

• piriformis

• gemelli (superior/inferior)

• obturator internus

• obturator externus

• quadratus femoris

piriformis (o/i)

origin: sacrum

insertion: greater trochanter

gemellus superior (o/i)

origin: ischial spine+ischial tuberosity

insertion: greater trochanter

obturator internus

origin: obturator membrane

insertion: greater trochanter

gemellus inferior (o/i)

origin: ischial tuberosity

insertion: greater trochanter

obturator externus (o/i)

origin: obturator membrane

insertion: trochanteric fossa

quadratus femoris (o/i)

origin: ischial tuberosity

insertion: intertrochanteric crest

anterior thigh muscles (5)

• sartorius

• rectus femoris

• vastus medialis

• vastus lateralis

• vastus intermedius

last 4 = quadriceps

sartorius (o/i)

origin: anterior superior iliac spine

insertion: medial, proximal tibia

sartorius (shape/architecture)

shape: strap

architecture: parallel

sartorius function

weak flexion (knee joint)

weak flexion, abduction, lateral rotation of thigh (hip joint)

rectus femoris (o/i)

origin: anterior inferior iliac spinae

insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity

rectus femoris (shape/architecture)

shape: quasi-fusiform

architecture: bipennate

rectus femoris function

flexes thigh (hip joint)

vastus medialis (o/i)

origin: linea aspera

insertion: patella+tibial tuberosity

vastus lateralis (o/i)

origin: greater trochanter, linea aspera

insertion: patella+tibial tuberosity

vastus intermedius (o/i)

origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of proximal shaft of femur

insertion: patella+tibial tuberosity

ALL QUADS INSERT @..

patella+tibial tuberosity

medial thigh adductors (5)

• pectineus

• adductor longus

• adductor brevis

• adductor magnus

• gracialis

pectineus (o/i)

origin: superior ramus of pubis

insertion: pectineal line of femur

pectineus (shape/architecture)

shape: quasi-fusiform

architecture: parallel-slightly convergent

pectineus function

flexion+adduction of thigh at hip joint

adductor longus (o/i)

origin: inferior ramus of pubis

insertion: linea aspera of femur

adductor longus (shape/architecture)

shape: quasi-fusiform

architecture: parallel-slightly divergent

adductor longus function

adduction+flexion+rotation of thigh at hip joint

adductor brevis (o/i)

origin: inferior ramus and body of pubis

insertion: linea aspera

adductor brevis (shape/architecture)

shape: quasi-fusiform

architecture: parallel-slightly divergent

adductor brevis function

adduction+flexion+rotation of thigh at hip joint

adductor magnus (o/i)

origin: inferior pubic ramus, ischial tuberosity

insertion: linea aspera, adductor tubercle of femur

adductor magnus (shape/architecture)

shape: fan, triangular

architecture: divergent

adductor magnus function

adduction/rotation of thigh (hip joint)

anterior part flexes thigh (hip joint)

posterior part extends thigh (hip joint)

gracilis (o/i)

origin: inferior ramus+body of pubis, ischial ramus

insertion: medial, proximal shaft of tibia

gracilis (shape/architecture)

shape: strap

architecture: parallel

gracilis function

adduction, medial rotation of thigh (hip joint)

flexes leg (knee joint)

posterior thigh hamstrings (3)

lateral

• biceps femoris

medial

• semitendiousus

• semimembranosus

biceps femoris (o/i)

origin:

• long head: ischial tuberosity

• linea aspera

insertion: head of fibula

biceps femoris (shape/architecture)

shape: fusiform

architecture: parallel

biceps femoris function

flexes leg (knee joint)

extends thigh (hip joint)

semimembranosus (o/i)

origin: ischial tuberosity

insertion: medial condyle of tibia

semimembranosus (shape/architecture)

shape: fusiform

architecture: parallel

semimembranosus function

flexes leg (knee joint)

extends thigh (knee joint)

semitendinosus (o/i)

origin: ischial tuberosity

insertion: medial, proximal tibial shaft

semitendinosus (shape/architecture)

shape: quasi-fusiform, digastric

architecture: parallel

semitendinosus function

flexes leg (knee joint)

extends thigh (knee joint)

hip abductors

+superficial fibres of gluteus maximus inserting on ITB

hip adductors

hip flexors

hip extensors

medial thigh rotators

lateral thigh rotators

knee extensors

knee flexors

anterior leg muscle compartment (4)

• tibialis anterior

• extensor digitorum longus

• extensory hallucis longus

• fibularis tertius

tibiails anterior (o/i)

origin: lateral condyle of tibia+proximal shaft of tibia

insertion: base of first metatarsal+ medial cuneiform

tibialis anterior function (2)

1. dorsiflexion (ankle joint)

2. inversion (intertarsal joint)

extensor digitorum longus (o/i)

origin: lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula

insertion: digits 2-5

extensor digitorum longus function (3)

1. dorsiflexion (ankle joint)

2. extends distal and middle phalanges (interphalangeal joint)

3. extends proximal phalanx (metatarsophalangeal joint)

extensor hallucis longus (o/i)

origin: anterior surface of fibula

insertion: digit 1 (hallux) at distal phalanx

extensor hallucis longus function

1. dorsiflexion (ankle joint)

2. extension of proximal phalanx (metatarsophalangeal joint)

fibularis tertius (o/i)

origin: distal anterior surface of fibula

insertion: dorsum of metatarsal 5

fibularis tertius function

1. dorsiflexion (ankle joint)

2. eversion (intertarsal joint)

lateral compartment of leg (2)

1. fibularis longus

2. fibularis brevis

fibularis longus (o/i)

origin: head+proximal shaft of fibula

insertion: base of metatarsal 1

fibularis longus function (2)

1. plantarflexion (ankle joint)

2. eversion (intertarsal joint)

fibularis brevis (o/i)

origin: lateral, distal fibula

insertion: base of metatarsal 5

fibularis brevis function

1. plantarflexion (ankle joint)

2. eversion (intertarsal joint)

posterior compartment of leg (superficial)

1. gastrocnemius

2. soleus

3. plantaris

gastrocnemius (o/i)

origin: femoral condyles

insertion: calcaneus

gastrocnemius function (2)

1. plantarflexion (ankle joint)

2. flexion of leg (knee joint)

plantaris (o/i)

origin: lateral supracondylar ridge

insertion: calcaneus

plantaris function

1. plantar flexion (ankle joint)

2. flexion of leg (knee joint)

soleus (o/i)

origin: head of fibula

insertion: calcaneus

soleus function

plantar flexion (ankle joint)

posterior compartment of leg (deep) (4)

• popliteus

• flexor digitorum longus

• tibilias posterior

• flexor hallucis longus

flexor digitorum longus (o/i)

origin: posteromedial surface of tibia

insertion: digits 2-5

tibialis posterior (o/i)

origin: interosseus membrane

insertion: all medial tarsals

tibialis posterior function

1. plantar flexion (ankle joint)

2. inversion (intertarsal joint)

flexor hallucis longus (o/i)

origin: posterior surface of fibula

insertion: digit 1 (hallux)

plantar aponeurosis

dorsiflexors (3)

• tibialis anterior

• extensor digitorum longus

• extensor hallucis longus

plantarflexors (2)

• gastrocnemius

• soleus

everters (2)

• fibularis longus

• fibularis brevis

inverters (3)

• tibialis posterior

• flexor digitorum longus

• flexor hallucis longus