Ballistics & Firearms

Ballistics

Science of projectiles and firearms that studies the dynamics of motion, behavior, and effects of bullets and other projectiles.

Breech

End of the barrel attached to the firing mechanism of a firearm where the cartridge is loaded and unloaded

Caliber

Diameter of the inside of the round cylinder (cartridge) of a firearm barrel, typically measured in millimeters or inches.

Firearm

Weapon capable of firing a projectile using confined explosive as a propellant and includes handguns, rifles, and shotguns.

Gunshot Residue

Tiny particles expelled from a firearm when it is fired that can land on the shooter or nearby individuals.

Muzzle

End of the barrel where the bullet exits the firearm and typically the part used to aim the firearm.

Barrel

Long, metal tube that guides a projectile out of a firearm and is integral to the firearm's accuracy and performance.

Cartridge

Ammunition with a projectile, a propellant substance, and an ignition device

Land + Grooves

Ridges and depressions inside the firearm’s barrel created when the firearm is made

Shell Casing

Metal housing for the gunpowder of a firearm

Trajectory

Path followed by a bullet under the action of forces such as gravity and air resistance.

NIBIN

Abbreviation for the bullet identification system used by law enforcement to compare ballistic evidence.

Rifling

The spiral pattern of lands and grooves in the barrel of a firearm that imparts spin to a bullet, improving accuracy and stability during flight.