Morphology of flowering plants

tap root system is present in

carrot, turnip and mustard plant

root hairs are present in

region of maturation

underground stem

potato, ginger, turmeric, zaminkand, colocasia

flattened stem

Opuntia

swollen leaf base in some leguminous plant

pulvinus

reticulate venation

dicot leaf

parallel venation

monocot leaf

pinnately compound leaf (leaflets in common axis, rachis)

Neem

palmately compound leaf (at the tip of petiole)

silk cotton

alternate of phyllotaxy

China rose, mustard, sunflower

opposite phyllotaxy

Calotropis, guava plants

whorled phyllotaxy

Alstonia

photosynthetic petioles

australian acacia

flower

modified shoot

racemose infloroscence

oldest flower at base and younger at apex

cymose infloroscence

oldest at apex and youngest towards base

perianth includes

calyx and corolla

actinomorphic symmetry (radial)

mustard, datura, chilli

Zygomorphic symmetry (bilateral)

pea, gulmohar, bean , cassia

asymmetric symmetry

canna

hypogynous flower (superior ovary)

Mustard, china rose, brinjal

perigynous flower (half inferior ovary)

plum, rose, peach

Epigynous flower (inferior ovary)

guava, cucumber and ray florets of sunflower

Gamosepalous calyx

sepals united K(n)

polysepalous calyx

sepals free Kn

Valvate Aestivation (sepals and petals just touch without overlap)

calotropis

Twisted Aestivation (one margin overlaps the other)

china rose, lady's finger, cotton

Imbricate Aestivation (overlap but not in a particular direction)

Cassia, Gulmohar

Vexillary Aestivation (2 lateral petals- wings and in turn overlap the 2 smallest anterior petal - keel)

pea and bean

epipetalous (when stamens are attached to the petals)

brinjal

epiphyllous (when stamens are attached to the perianth, when sepals and petals are indistinguishable)

lily

monoadelphus (one stamen unite to form one bundle)

china rose

Diadelphous (2 bundles)

pea

polyadelphus (more than 2 bundles)

citrus

variation in the length of the filament within a flower

salvia and mustar

apocarpous (free capel)

lotus and rose

syncaprous (fused carpel)

mustard and tomato

marginal placentation

pea

axile placentation

China rose, tomato, lemon

parietal placentation

mustard, argemone

free central placentation

dianthus and primrose

basal placentation

Sunflower, Marigold

↨ ⚥ K(5) C1+2+(2) A(9)+1 G1 (Papilionaceous; superior ovary; diadelphous stamens)

Fabaceae family

⊕ ⚥ K(5) C(5) A5 G(2)

Solanaceae family

⊕ ⚥ P3+3 A3+3 G(3)

Liliaceae family

⊕ ⚥ K2+2 C4 A2+4 G(2)

Brassicaceae