Biol 213 chapter 14

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Last updated 6:38 AM on 4/10/26
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13 Terms

1
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Why does oxygen become the electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation

H+ use up their free energy by end

2
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Every NADH produced=

3 ATP produced

3
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Proton gradients across a membrane are used to

generate ATP in animals, plants, and bacteria

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First steps of photosynthesis

  1. Photosystem 2 splits water, gets electron, attaches light energy to electron

  2. Plastoquinone takes it to cytochrome, uses that energy to pump hydrogens across the membrane that bring electron back down to its ground state

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Second steps of photosynthesis

  • plastocytun then carries those electrons to photosystem 1, where it captures light and excites those electrons again

  • Excited electrons given to ferredoxin who takes them to ferredoxin NADP to be paired with NADP+ reductase to be paired with NADP+ and H+

  • Happens in stroke and produce NADPH

  • As that’s happening, the proton meta force that has been generated from cytochrome B6F complex now going back down through ATP synthase to produce ATP in the stroma

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3rd step of photosynthesis

  • both NADPH and ATP are produce in the stroma of this to where they will be then used for next step of photosynthesis which is sugar production step through the carbon cycle

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Carbon fixaiton of Calvin cycle (second stage of photosynthesis)

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The ATP and NADPH generated from the first stage of photosynthesis is used to synthesize

carbohydrate from CO2 and water (Calvin cycle)

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Reactions take place in the chloroplast Stroma and can continue in the dark until

all ATP and NADPH is exhausted (can happen very quickly)

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Net product of Calvin cycle

G3P

  • converted to sucrose in Cytosol

  • Feeds into glycolysis in the Cytosol

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How many cycles are needed to make enough G3P to generate sugars, fats, amino acids

3

12
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Everyone does respiration but not everyone does

Photosynthesis

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Goal of photosystems

Charge separation, electron transfer, and in the case of photosystem 2, water splitting versus the ferredoxin complex reductase complex is used for NADPH production for the light dependent reactions