LU2.2 : The role of learning theories in HE

What is Health Belief Model ?

• It focuses on individual beliefs about health conditions

• It explains the main factors influencing health behaviors including perceived threat of sickness (eg., perceived susceptibility)

• belief of consequence (eg., perceived severity),

• potential positive benefits of actions (eg., perceived benefits)

• perceived barriers to actions,

• exposure to factors that prompt action (eg., cues to action)

• confidence in ability to succeed (eg., self-eficacy)

What are the components of Health Belief Model ?

• Perceived severity

• Perceived susceptibility

• Perceived barriers

• Perceived benefits

What are the items / examples that represent

• susceptibility

• Individual beliefs regarding the chance of getting a condition

• Eg : My chances of getting breast cancer are great

• There is a good possibility that I will get breast cancer

• I worry a lot about getting breast cancer

What are the items / examples that represent

• severity

• individual beliefs on how serious a condition and its consequences

• Eg : The thought of breast cancer scare me

• Breast cancer would endanger my marriage

• Breast cancer is a hopeless disease

• If I had breast cancer, my whole life would change

What are the items / examples that represent

• benefits

• The individual belief in the efficacy of the advised action to reduce risk

• Eg : Doing self- breast exam prevents future problems for me

• I have a lot to gain by doing self-breast exams

• I would not be so anxious about breast cancer if I did monthly exams

What are the items / examples that represent

• barriers

• the individual beliefs about the psychological costs of the advised action

• Eg : It is embarrassing for me to do monthly breast exams

• Self-breast exams can be painful

• My family would make fun of me if I did self-breast exams

What are the strategies to stop with something addiciting ?

• Help clients acquire the necessary skills for change

• Ask the client to self-monitor the addiction use via a behavior diary

• Discuss previous attempts to quit and the factors of relapse

• Increase the positive outcomes expectancies for quitting

What are the methods to increase the client’s feelings of self-efficacy for quitting an addicition?

• Mastery experience

• Social modeling : showing other user like themselves can quit

• Improve physical & emotional states : To reduce stress and depression

• Verbal persuasion : strong encouragement can boost confidence to initiate efforts

What is Theory of Reasoned Action ?

• A person’s behavior is determined by their intention to perform the behavior

• individuals act rationally according to their attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control

What are the components in theory of reasoned action ?

• Attitudes

• Subjective norms

• Perceived behavior control

• Intentions

• Behavior

What are the background factors in theory of reasoned action ?

• Personal : self esteem, personality, emotions

• demographic : age, gender, race, education, religion

• environment : diagnosis, stress, media exposure

What is Transtheoretical model of behavior change ?

It assesses an individual’s readiness to act on a new healthier behavior, and provides strategies, or processes of change to guide the individual

What are the stages on Transtheoretical Model of Behavior change ?

1. Precontemplation ("not ready") – not intending to take action

2. Contemplation ("getting ready") – recognize that their behavior is problematic , thinking good and bad about their actions

3. Preparation ("ready") – started small steps toward behavior change

4. Action – start specific overt modifications in modifying their problem behavior

5. Maintenance – at least six months & working to prevent relapse

6. Termination – zero temptation & will not return to their old unhealthy habit