Biology Chapter 11A Matching Test 1

Genetics

The study of heredity

Heredity

The passing of traits from parent to offspring

Trait

a specific characteristic of an individual

Genes

A portion of DNA that codes for a trait

Alleles

The different forms of a gene

Pure breed

Individuals that only carry (and therefore pass on) one allele of a gene/trait

Hybrid

The offspring which results from a cross between pure-bred parents each of which carries an opposing allele for a trait.

Hybrid

Carry both alleles of a gene/trait

Cross

To breed

Cross

To cause fertilization to occur

Fertilization

The union of egg and sperm

Dominant

Alleles are expressed/seen even in the presence of a contrasting allele

Recessive

Alleles which are expressed only in the presence of a similar allele

Probability

The likelihood that a particular event will occur

Probability

Past outcomes do not affect future outcomes

Punnett Square

Uses mathematical probability to help predict the outcomes of a genetic cross

Phenotype

The observable, physical characteristics of an organism

Genotype

The genetic make up of an organism

Genotype

What alleles it carries for each gene/trait

Homozygous Dominant

Carries two dominant alleles for that gene

Heterozygous

Carries one dominant and recessive allele for that gene

Homozygous recessive

Carries two recessive alleles for that gene