Renal Disorders: Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis

These flashcards cover key terminology and concepts related to hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, which are critical for understanding renal disorders.

Hemodialysis

A dialysis method where blood is shunted from the body through a dialyzer and back into circulation, requiring vascular access.

Peritoneal Dialysis

A dialysis method that involves the instillation of dialysate solution into the peritoneal cavity, using the peritoneum as a filtration membrane.

Indications for Hemodialysis

Renal insufficiency, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, medication toxicity, persistent hyperkalemia, pulmonary edema, severe hypertension, and hypervolemia.

Client Education for Hemodialysis

Involves undergoing sessions three times per week for 3-5 hours, with insertion of two needles, one in an artery and one in a vein.

Disequilibrium Syndrome

A condition resulting from too rapid a decrease in BUN and fluid volume during dialysis, causing symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and agitation.

Complications of Hemodialysis

May include hypotension, bleeding, infection at the access site, clotting of vascular access, muscle cramps, and findings of disequilibrium syndrome.

Anticoagulants

Medications used during dialysis to prevent blood clots but can increase the risk of bleeding at the access site.

Postprocedure Actions for Hemodialysis

Monitor vital signs, fluid weight changes, and for complications such as hypotension, and assess the access site for bleeding and patency.

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)

A form of dialysis requiring 7 days a week for 4-8 hours, allowing clients to engage in normal activities.

Peritonitis

An infection that can occur during peritoneal dialysis, indicated by cloudy or opaque effluent, requiring strict aseptic technique.