Chapter 26 & 27: Oogenesis and Ovarian Follicles
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45 Terms
What is oogenesis?
The process of creating female eggs (oocytes)
Where does oogenesis take place?
Ovaries
What are oogonia?
The germ cells of oocytes
When do oogonia divide and regenerate?
Before birth
What is the first step of oogenesis?
Ooginia go through mitosis to produce a primary oocyte
When do oogonia go through mitosis?
During fetal development
What happens after the oogonia becomes a primary oocyte?
Primary oocytes are suspended at Prophase I of meiosis
How long are primary oocytes suspended in Prophase I of meiosis?
Until puberty
What begins at puberty?
Ovulation
What happens to the primary oocyte at ovulation?
The primary oocyte finished meiosis I
What does a primary oocyte become after it finishes meiosis I?
Secondary Oocyte
What is extruded when a primary oocyte becomes a secondary oocyte at ovulation?
Polar body
What is a polar body?
Smaller cell produced during meiosis
What happens to secondary oocytes after ovulation?
They are stuck at metaphase II until fertilized
Oocytes cannot complete meiosis II unless fertilized
True
1 multiple choice option
What is extruded by the oocyte if fertilized?
A second polar body
What is the end product of fertilized oogenesis?
3 polar bodies and 1 fertilized ovum
What is the end product of non-fertilized oogenesis?
One polar body and no mature ovum
What is the order of oogenesis?
Oogonia -> Primary Oocyte -> Secondary Oocyte -> Ovum
What are ovarian follicles?
Follicles surrounding the oocyte
What type of follicles are present at birth and dominant in the adult ovary?
Primordial Follicles
What do primordial follicles surround?
Primary oocyte
What are the follicles that develop from primordial follicles?
Primary follicles
What causes the development of follicles?
Rising levels of FSH and LH
How many primary follicles are created every month at puberty?
A few
What does the primary follicle surround?
Primary oocyte
What does a primary follicle turn into?
A secondary follicle
What is the cell layer in the secondary follicles that produces androstenedione?
Theca Cell layer
What do theca cells do?
Produce androstenedione around the oocyte
What is androstenedione?
Androgens
What is the layer of the secondary follicles that is secreted and directly surrounds the oocyte?
Zona Pellucida
What is the Zona Pellucida?
Glycoprotein layer around the oocyte
What are granulose cells?
Cells that convert and produce steroid hormones and secretes inhibin for control
What do granulose cells secrete?
Follicular fluid
What does the follicular fluid secreted in by the granulose cells form in the secondary follicle?
Antrum
What is the antrum?
Fluid filled cavity surrounding the oocyte
What do the granulose cells convert aromatase into?
Estrogen
What is the innermost layer of granulose cells?
Corona Radiate
What is the corona radiate?
Innermost layer of granulose cells
What do secondary follicles turn into?
Tertiary Follicles
What are tertiary follicles?
Large cells around the oocyte with a full formed antrum
What happens to the tertiary follicle during ovulation?
The follicle ruptures
What does the tertiary follicle release when it ruptures?
Secondary oocyte
What does the tertiary follicle become after it ruptures?
Corpus Luteum
What is the corpus luteum?
A ruptured follicle that produces progesterone