exam 2 jrn 1101

What are the most common image formats?

JPEG, GIF, PNG, TIFF, BMP, and PDF

PNG - Portable Network Graphics

small, used for screen, more colors than GIF

BMP - Bitmap

• an uncompressed image format for storing and displaying high-quality digital images

• originally developed by Microsoft for Windows

PDF - Portable Document Format

Great for sharing multiple images at once

Best web image formats (Just Good Pictures)

• JPEG (or JPG), GIF, and PNG

• All of these file types can be compressed and adjusted to fit your web needs

Best lossless image formats (Good Pics Stay Best)

GIF, PNG, TIFF, and BMP

Best image formats to send pictures (Just Hit Post)

• JPEG (or JPG) → email or web

• HEIC → phones

• PDF → multiple images/cloud/email

Best image formats for printing (Just Print Today)

• JPEG (or JPG), PDF, and TIFF

• Higher-resolution images look best when printed

How to choose the highest image quality format for your website.

• Use consistent pixel dimensions

• Choose format based on: file size, color, display needs

TIFF advantages/disadvantages

Advantages:

• Uncompressed → max data

• High quality → best for printing

• Can compressed without loss of data

Disadvantages:

• Very large file sizes

• Needs more storage and a good computer

• Not web-friendly

• Slow to upload/transfer

PSD advantages/disadvantages

Advantages:

• Contains layers, adjustments, full image data

• Ideal for editing and saving work

Disadvantages:

• Mostly only recognized by Photoshop

• Limited software compatibility

Raster formats (Tiny Jumpy Pixels Go Bonkers)

TIFF, JPG, PNG, GIF, BMP

Vector formats (Edges Ever Perfect Permanetly)

• EMF → Microsoft Windows vector art file

• EPS → vector file (can include raster images), used for illustrations, logos, graphs

• PDF → can be vector or raster (depends on original file) often a mix

• PS → file in the PostScript language

Color modes

• Monochrome → black and white

• Grayscale → 256 shades of gray

• CMYK → printing (cyan, magenta, yellow, black)

• RGB → screens (red, green, blue)

Importance of Media Literacy

• Credible vs non-credible info

• Has become a growing concern

Through media literacy individuals are able to recognize different points of view, true or false

True

a lossless, lightweight image file format, ideal for small graphics on websites and in emails. It supports transparent elements and animated graphics.

GIF

Media literacy requires individuals to become smart consumers about products. True or false?

True

A PDF can be both a vector and raster image file, depending on the original artwork. True or false?

True

the workhorse format for high-resolution printing, including art photography and other fine artwork

TIFF

What is the primary disadvantage of using jpeg/jpg image file?

the primary disadvantage is that JPEG file is small and compressed. This leads to lossy quality when there is more compression.

What is the difference between raster and vector file formats?

raster file formats is made of pixels and has high resolution. Vector file formats is made up lines and shapes mostly used for fonts.

Pew: Where do Americans turn first for information about breaking news? When a breaking news event happens, 36% of U.S. adults say they typically turn first to their preferred news organization to get more information, according to a 2025 Pew Research Center survey. True or False?

true

The Alpha Schools, are Al-powered schools with no teachers. The academics are planned for_ hour(s) daily. The remaining time will be used for workshops.

2

Al Slop is low-quality, mass-produced digital content generated by Al with little to no human oversight. True or false?

True

theoretical but will surpass human intelligence

Artificial super intelligence

Agentic Al labels things based on prior data like identifying someone in a picture. True or false?

False its Predictive AI

States including California, Colorado, Texas, New York, and Washington have enacted various Al-related laws. True or false?

false, its California, Colorado, Texas, New York and Utah not Washington

Define generative ai

Generative AI can answer questions and create content. The type of content it can make is text, videos or images.

Explain fairness in AI

Fairness in AI is to monitor for any bias that AI generates. Also, to check for any harmful or discriminatory content or responses towards a specific group that AI might generate.

what is Adobe InDesign

a professional application ideal for newspapers and magazines, posters, brochures, cover art, etc.

What year did Adobe InDesign come out

originally released in 1999 as a high-end replacement for Adobe PageMaker, and competitor to QuarkXPress

Principles of design

balance, emphasis, movement, pattern, repetition, proportion, rhythm, variety, unity

What is balance?

Even distribution of visual weight (objects, colors, texture, space) to create a stable design.

3 types of balance

Symmetrical: both sides similar

Asymmetrical: different but still balanced

Radial: arranged around a center point

emphasis

the part of a design that stands out by being different (size, color, texture, or shape).

Movement

The path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas. Such movement can be directed along lines, edges, shape, and color within the work of art.

Pattern

the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

Repetition

works with pattern to make the work of art seem active. The repetition of elements of design creates unity within the work of art

Proportion

The feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other. When drawing the human figure, proportion can refer to the size of the head compared to the rest of the body.

Rhythm

repetition of design elements that creates movement, mood, and flow; variety keeps it exciting

Variety

the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

Unity

the feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness.

What is AI ?

a field of computer science that performs human-like tasks like learning, reasoning, and decision-making.

How does AI work?

analyze data to find patterns, make predictions, and solve problems, often improving their performance over time without explicit programming for every scenario

what can chat gpt do?

Answer questions and create content like articles, social media posts, essays, code, and emails

why do people call AI a black box?

It turns your input into an output based on similar things you’ve shown in the past

Predictive AI

Labels things based on prior data (ex: spam filters, recommendation systems)

Generative AI

Creates new content like texts, images or videos

Agentic AI

outputs actions based on a given past (ex: self-driving cars and AI agents that perform tasks on computers)

Narrow AI

Built for specific tasks (apply to ALL AI systems)

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)

Theoretically matched human intelligence across all tasks and scenarios

Artificial Super Intelligence

Theoretically, would surpass human intelligence

What technology does ChatGPT use to generate responses?

Its responses come from the transformer predicting text

AI human oversight and accountability

Never treat AI output as final. You are responsible for any work, decisions, or actions taken using AI tools. Maintain "human-in-the-loop" to check for errors and biases.

AI transparency and disclosure

Be honest about when and how you use AI. If an AI tool makes a decision (ex: scoring a resume or evaluating a loan), there should be a way to understand and trace the reasoning.

Data privacy and security

Do not enter sensitive, confidential, or personal information into public AI models. Read and understand the privacy policies of AI tools before using them.

Fairness and avoiding bias

Actively monitor AI outputs for harmful stereotypes or unfair discrimination against specific groups.

Fast-checking (avoiding hallucinations)

AI can confidently generate false information. Always verify facts, data, and references from reliable sources

AI slop

low-quality, mass-produced digital content generated by AI with little to no human oversight, often created quickly for clickbait or to manipulate algorithms

State-level legislation

They address issues like bias, high-risk systems, deepfakes, hiring tools, and transparency.

Trump America AI

It aims to create a national framework for AI regulation. It includes liability rules, IP protections, publicity rights, and safeguards for children and consumers while supporting innovation.

What are the top three sources Americans used for breaking news?

News organizations (36%), search engines (28%), social media (19%)

How has breaking news behavior changed since 2018?

less use of news organizations more use of search engines and social media

How do older versus younger adults differ in new sources?

older → news organizations; younger→ social media and search engine engines

do many people use AI Chatbot for news?

no only about one percent

How do Americans feel about journalists?

57% have low confidence; 43% have high confidence

How does confidence in journalist differ by political party?

democrats (61%) are much more confident than Republicans (25%)

Why do some Americans distrust journalist?

they feel news is biased and hard to trust so they verify sources more