Enlightenment, Industrial Revolution, Napoleon, & Nationalism: Key Concepts and Influences

What was Enlightenment?

Enlightenment was a movement in Europe that introduced many new ideas and political philosophers that would affect future governments.

Who were some influential minds of the Enlightenment?

Locke (Natural Rights), Montesquieu (Separation of Powers), Voltaire (Freedom of Speech), & Rousseau (Popular Sovereignty).

Why did the founding fathers cite the Bible more than Enlightenment philosophers?

They saw God as a source of natural rights and believed it was the government’s duty to protect these rights.

What cause the Industrial Revolution to start in England instead of China?

The enclosure made people self-sufficient, and high wages and low energy cost incentivized technological development.

What was the Enclosure Movement?

The Enclosure Movement was a movement in Britain where individuals bought sheep and land to become self-sufficient instead of living on a lord’s land.

What were some pros of the Industrial Revolution?

Increased production, lowered prices, new job opportunities, and technology growth.

What were some cons of the Industrial Revolution?

Child labor and dangerous working conditions.

What was the result of countries that industrialized versus those that didn’t?

Countries like America and Britain gained global power, while the Ottoman Empire and Qing Dynasty fell behind.

What happened to the Ottoman Empire as a result of not industrializing?

The Ottoman Empire eventually fell apart.

How did China regain its power?

China regained its power when it eventually industrialized.

What was unique about Japan’s industrialization?

Japan was initially closed off from the world but industrialized rapidly after being forced to open up to foreign trade.

Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?

Napoleon Bonaparte was a French Emperor and warlord for Corsica who became one of the greatest strategists in history.

How did Napoleon influence Europe?

He updated many law as and rebuilt the legal system in France, which became the basis of laws in most places.

How did Napoleon use propaganda?

He used propaganda to portray himself positively through paintings, statues, media, theater, censorship, and education.

What is nationalism?

Nationalism is a political philosophy valuing loyalty and devotion to a specific country, believing the state should not be controlled by external forces.

What are some positive examples of Nationalism?

K-pop promoting Korean culture and patriotism.

What are some negative examples of nationalism?

Nazis in Germany leading to the Holocaust and violent decolonization in Africa.