Unit 1: Noninvasive vs Invasive Ventilation Review

Flashcards covering the distinctions between non-invasive and invasive ventilation, including indications, device types, hazards, and ventilatory control mechanisms.

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

A method of respiratory management that supports breathing, reduces the work of breathing, and improves gas exchange without entirely replacing the patient's breathing or requiring invasive airway management.

Invasive ventilation

A method of mechanical ventilation that replaces breathing entirely and typically requires sedation or paralysis, carrying risks such as airway trauma and ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Indications for NIV

Specific clinical scenarios for use including COPD exacerbation, asthma, hypoxemic respiratory failure, and acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

Alveolar recruitment

The process of opening collapsed alveoli to improve oxygenation, often aided by the positive pressure provided by non-invasive ventilation.

Exclusion criteria for NIV

Conditions that prevent the use of non-invasive methods, including upper airway obstruction, facial deformities, and untreated pneumothorax.

CPAP

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; a mode that improves oxygenation by maintaining continuous pressure but does not assist with ventilation.

BiPAP

Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure; a mode providing two pressure levels that support both ventilation and oxygenation by increasing tidal volume.

Ventilatory failure

A condition presented with high $CO_2$ levels, indicating the patient's inability to move air effectively.

Oxygenation failure

A condition involving poor oxygen transfer despite increased oxygen delivery.

Prophylactic mechanical ventilation

Ventilation initiated to improve outcomes and reduce respiratory distress in at-risk populations before severe failure occurs.

Barotrauma

A hazard of mechanical ventilation involving physical damage to the lungs due to pressure.

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP)

A potential hazard or complication associated with the use of mechanical ventilation.

Negative pressure ventilators

Devices that facilitate breathing by mimicking the normal physiological breathing process.

Positive pressure ventilators

Devices that facilitate breathing by pushing air into the lungs.

Ventilator-induced lung injury

Lung damage that can occur from inappropriate settings or the use of positive pressure during ventilation.

Pressure control

A ventilator setting that maintains constant pressure during inspiration while volume varies based on changes in compliance and resistance.

Flow control

The mechanism used in volume modes to indirectly measure and generate volume for the patient.

Trigger variables

The specific parameters that determine how a mechanical breath begins and ends.

Compliance and resistance

Factors that significantly impact the work of breathing and the development of respiratory failure.

Alarms

Ventilator signals indicating issues with patient interaction, circuit function, or power sources; they require the clinician to assess the patient first.