United States History 2; Elaina Evert: Unit 1

What did the Dawes Act do?

Privatized much of Native Americans tribal property.

When was the Dawes Act made?

In 1887.

What was the significance of the Dawes Act?

Native Americans lost about 2/3 of there land by 1934.

What are exodusters?

Several thousand African-American farmers that left the south and settled in KS, 1879. (Moved from south to north).

What was The [National] Grange?

A farmers’ organization promoting educational activities in rural communities?

When was The [National] Grange established?

In 1867.

What is Turner’s Thesis?

The existence of the western frontier had shaped the American character: individualistic, innovative, confident.

What did critics point out about Turner’s Thesis?

That the presence of families, continuities with Eastern U.S., role of various ethnic groups.

What are continuities in history?

Events that stay the same throughout history.

What are some continuities in history before 1878 and after 1877?

Decline of native autonomy, population increase, discrimination, economic growth, and territorial expansion.

What are some changes in history before 1878 and after 1877?

Urbanization, heightened and varied immigration, expansion of suffrage, mature industrialization, and world power status.

What is populism?

A movement of the common people to improve economic standing.

What are the roots of movement in populism?

Debt of farmers in the south, sharecropping, Northern-supplied merchant stores exploited credit relations, RRs (railroads) control of shipping rates, and international competition.

What is sharecropping?

A tenant farmer living and working on land owned by somebody else (leads to debt).

What were some economic actions during populism?

Farmers’ Alliance was established in Texas; Farmers’ cooperatives: experiments in self-help, and the subtreasury plan.

What year was the Farmers’ Alliance established in Texas?

In 1877.

What is the subtreasury plan?

The idea that the government should supply loans to farmers.

What were some political actions during populism?

The Farmers’ Alliance made Cleburne Demands in 1886.

What were some examples of Cleburne Demands?

Government should regulate interstate commerce, and government should create a Bureau of Labor Statistics.

What was the People’s Party?

A political party that got more than one million votes as 3rd party in the election of 1892.

Who did the People’s Party support?

Democrat W.J Bryan in 1896.

What were some actions taken by workers in response to industrialization?

Workers formed labor organizations, and they went on strike.

What was the Knights of Labor?

A worker’s organization that promoted cooperative ownership of business.

What did the Knights of Labor aim to do?

“To make individual and moral worth, not wealth, the true standard of individual and national greatness.”

When was the Knights of Labor founded?

In 1869.

What was the first national strike?

When railroad workers resisted pay cuts, so they stopped working.

When was the first national strike?

In 1877.

How did the government respond to the first national strike?

President Hayes sent federal troops to end the strike.

What was the Pullman strike?

When railroad car company workers contested wage cuts.

When was the Pullman strike?

In 1894.

How did the government respond to the Pullman strike?

President Cleveland sent troops to Chicago to stop the strike.

What was Coxey’s Army?

When jobless citizens marched on Washington, D.C. asking for jobs/employment in 1894.

How did the government respond to the Coxey’s Army?

The marchers were violently dispersed by club-wielding police.

Who does the government side with during major strikes and conflict.

Employers rather than employees.

What did the government believe regarding unemployment?

The government didn’t see unemployment as their problem to solve.