Biomedical Ethics Lecture 6

This set of flashcards covers the key concepts, definitions, and theories presented in Lecture 6 of the Biomedical Ethics course at Edith Cowan University.

What are the different ethical theories students should identify in SCH3145 Biomedical Ethics?

Utilitarian, Rights, and Virtue Theories.

What is the purpose of ethical theories according to the provided notes?

To provide an ordered set of moral standards, effective guidance for resolving ethical dilemmas, and a framework for moral obligations.

What are the eight conditions for evaluating the adequacy of ethical theories as outlined by Beauchamp & Childress?

Clarity, coherence, comprehensiveness, simplicity, explanatory power, justificatory power, output power, and practicability.

What is the principle of consequentialism?

The right course of action depends on the best outcome to be achieved; actions, motives, or intentions alone are not inherently right or wrong.

What does utilitarianism focus on?

The value of well-being, where all moral rules and actions must be justified based solely on their consequences.

What is the key difference between act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism?

Act utilitarianism considers actions independently for the greatest good, whereas rule utilitarianism emphasizes the formation of moral rules based on their utility.

What is a criticism of utilitarian theories mentioned in the lecture?

It is virtually impossible to determine every outcome, and there is disagreement on which consequences should be evaluated.

How does virtue theory differ from other ethical theories?

Virtue theory emphasizes the character and motives of the moral agent rather than solely focusing on the actions or rules.

What are some key virtues in health care practice according to the ethics of care?

Compassion, discernment, trustworthiness, integrity, and conscientiousness.

What issues arise from rights theories in ethical decision making?

Overemphasis on autonomy and the individual, neglecting community roles and social relationships in shaping moral rules.