Genetics and Canine Traits

Flashcards covering key concepts related to GWAS and canine genetic traits.

Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS)

An investigative method to identify genes associated with an organism's specific traits by searching the genomes of thousands of individuals.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)

A variation in a single DNA building block occurring in over 1% of a population.

FGF5 gene

Responsible for hair length in dogs and contributes to the short coat phenotype.

RSPO2 gene

Influences the presence of facial furnishings in dog coats.

KRT71 gene

A key gene that influences hair texture in dogs, including straight and curly coats.

Ancestral Alleles

Refers to the original DNA sequences from which modern traits have evolved.

Mitosis

A type of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

Meiosis

A type of nuclear division that results in four genetically different gametes.

Karyotype

A pictorial representation of the chromosomes of a person, used to identify chromosomal abnormalities.

Interphase

The stage where most healthy cells spend their time performing specialized jobs, consisting of G1, S, and G2 phases.

Homologous Chromosomes

Chromosomes that are the same size and shape but may have different alleles.

Crossing-Over

A process during meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, increasing genetic diversity.

Cytokinesis

The process of dividing the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells at the end of cell division.

Tetrads

Paired homologous chromosomes that align together during meiosis.

Metaphase Plate

The equatorial plate where chromosomes line up during cell division.

Anaphase

The stage in cell division where chromosomes or sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell.

Telophase

The final stage of cell division where the nuclear membrane reforms and chromosomes unwind.

PMAT Stages

The four stages of cell division: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

Prophase

The first stage of mitosis where chromosomes condense and become visible, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and the mitotic spindle forms.

Metaphase

The second stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate.

Anaphase

The third stage of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

Telophase

The final stage of mitosis where the nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes and they begin to unwind.

Cytokinesis

The process that follows telophase, dividing the cytoplasm and resulting in two daughter cells.