Nutrition Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts related to nutrition, nutrient types, assessment techniques, and dietary considerations based on the lecture notes.

What is the definition of Nutrition?

The body's intake and use of adequate amounts of necessary nutrients for tissue growth and energy production.

What are Macronutrients?

Nutrients required in large amounts, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and water.

What is the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?

The minimum amount of energy required to maintain body functions in the resting, awake state.

What are the two types of vitamins?

Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and Water-soluble vitamins (C and B complex).

What is Malnutrition?

An imbalance in the amount of nutrient intake and the body’s needs.

What are complete proteins?

Proteins that provide all essential amino acids and must be consumed every day.

What are essential fatty acids?

Unsaturated fatty acids that the body cannot produce on its own, specifically omega-3 and omega-6.

How many kilocalories are in fats per gram?

9 kilocalories per gram.

What assessment tool is used for screening malnutrition in older adults?

Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA).

What are some common physical assessment findings of malnutrition?

Dry, rough skin appearance; hair with a dry, stiff texture; petechiae on the skin; dark red lips with lesions.

What does TPN stand for and when is it used?

Total parenteral nutrition, used for clients who do not have a functioning GI tract.

What food items are good sources of calcium?

Milk and milk products, tofu and soy products, green leafy vegetables.

What is the main role of antioxidants?

They may protect body cells against the effects of free radicals and slow or prevent the oxidative process.

What are the major classes of nutrients?

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.

What does the implementation of dietary preferences involve?

Considering the client’s individual dietary preferences and respecting cultural and religious nutritional needs.

What can excessive dietary intake of sodium lead to?

Neurologic alterations.