Fundamentals Quiz- April

Audition

Communicating sounds to the brain

What are the 4 parts of the auditory system?

Outer ear, middle ear, inner ear, Central Auditory System

the outer ear is aka

the pinna or auricle

the external auditory meatus is aka

ear canal

Functions of the outer ear

Amplification and sound localization q

the tympanic membrane is the

border between the outer and middle ear

3 layers of the tympanic membrane are

External layer, middle layer and internal layer

what order do the ossicles go in?

malleus, incus, stapes

the oval window is the

entry to the inner ear

what is the physiology of the ossicular chain

conducts mechanical sound energy from the TM to the inner ear

why do infants have more ear infections than adults?

their eustachian tube is more vertical

define eustachian tube

tube in the posterior-inferior portion of the ME space; leads to the nasopharynx

what is the main job of the eustachian tube?

maintains equal pressure between the ME and the atomosphere

impednece match has what functions?

overcomes air-water transmission problem

what are the functions of the middle ear

impedance match, protection against acoustic trauama and equalizing air via tehe eustachian tube

otitis media with effusion is

an ear infection with fluid

how many chambers does the cochlea have?

3

organ of corti sits on the

basilar membrane

what covers the top of the organ of corti

tectorial membrane

how is the basilar membrane organized?

tonatopicaly

the thin stiff base of the basilar membrane responds to

higher frequencies

the wide flaaccid apex of the basilar membrane responds to

lower frequences

multiple sources impact speech perception including

linguistic knowledge, context, sounding speech sounds and visual cues

segmentation problem defined

how listeners take a continuous stream of sound and break it into meaningful untis( e.g., syllables, words, phrases)

Redundancy

listerners using multiple cues/ sources of information to interpret speech

because of redundancy listeners may be able to

understand speech even when the acoustic signal is downgraded

vowels are

longer in duration and more intense; they are generally lower in frequency

what kinds of sounds are produced with the most rapid movements?

consonants

Categorial perception

the characteristic of a listener to be inable to distinguish certain sounds until a boundary was reached

the speech bananna is

a visual representation of the pitch and loudness of speech sounds

what are the two functions fo the pinna?

amplification and sound localization

the pinna is made up of

cartialge and skin

otitis media is

inflammation or fluid in the middle ear cavity

the part of the inner ear responsible for balance is the

semicircular canals

the portion of the inner ear responsible for hearing is the

cochlea

the scala vestibuli and scala tympani are filled with

paralymph

the scala media is filled with

endolymph

the stereocilia are embedded in the

tectorial membrane

modiolus

bony core within the spiral canal

osseous spiral lamina

bony shelp projecting from the modiolous

cochlear duct

located inside the bony canal

perilymph

fluid between the bony and membranous canals

endolymph

fluid within the membranous canal

basilar membrane

base of the cochlear duct

vestibular membrane ( reissner’s)

roof of the cochlear duct

scala vestibuli is the space ___

above reissner’s membrane

scala tympani is the space

below reissner’s membrane o

oval window

termination of the stapes

round window

termination of the scala typmani

helicotrema

point of communication bwtween scala vestibuli and scala tympani

sensory receptors for hearing are located on the

basilar membrane

the tectorial membrane is the

roof of the organ of corti