Hypnotic Drugs ONLY

Melatonin Receptor Agonists

• Ramelteon (Rozerem)

• Tasimelteon (Hetlioz)

• MOA: binding to both M1 and M2 melatonin receptors → promotes sleep

Benzodiazepines (BZDs)

• Temazepam (Restoril)

• Estazolam

• Quazepam (Doral)

• Flurazepam

• Triazlolam (Halcion)

“QEFTT”

Z-Drugs

• Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

• Zolpidem (Ambien, Edluar)

• Zaleplon (Sonata)

MOA: enhance GABA by selectively binding to GABA-A receptors at a-1 subunit

Orexin Receptor Antagonists

• Lemborexant (DayVigo)

• Suvorexant (Belsomra)

MOA: blocks orexin A and B from binding to receptor → suppress arousal/wakefulness

First Gen Antihistamines

• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

• Doxylamine (Unisom)

MOA: acts as antihistamine H1 receptor antagonist

Antidepressant

Doxepin (Silenor) - TCA

MOA: inhibits NE and 5-HT reuptake, also acts as selective histamine H1 blocker → sedative effects

Narcolepsy Agents

• Modafinil (Provigil)

• Armodafinil (Nuvigil)

MOA: inhibit DA reuptake transporter and indirectly enhance NE activity; can also stimulate and increase sympathomimetic activity in CNS

Misc.

Sodium Oxybate (Xyrem)

MOA: GABA-B receptor agonist that also binds to GHB receptors