4. Evaluating Dissociative Disorders, Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders, and Gender Dysphoria

DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS

characterized by a disruption in and/or discontinuity in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior

DETACHMENT

feeling disconnected from one’s body, thoughts, feelings, or sense of self

AMNESIA

difficulty remembering personal information, often related to traumatic events

IDENTITY CONFUSION

feeling uncertain about one's identity, sense of self, or place in the world

IDENTITY ALTERATION

experiencing distinct shifts in sense of self, behavior, consciousness, memory, perception, cognition, and/or sensory

DEREALIZATION

feeling that the external world is unreal, dreamlike, or distorted

DEPERSONALIZATION

feeling detached from one’s own body, thoughts, feelings, or actions, as if one is an outside observer

DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER (DID)

characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities that recurrently take control of the individual’s behavior

HOST PERSONALITY

the person who becomes the patient and asks for treatment

SWITCH

transition from one personality to another extreme subtype of PTSD

HYPNOTIC TRANCE

tend to be focused on one aspect of their world, and they become vulnerable to suggestions by the hypnotist

DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA

inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is too extensive to be ordinary forgetfulness

LOCALIZED AMNESIA

loss of memory for a specific period of time, often immediately following a traumatic event

SELECTIVE AMNESIA

loss of memory for some, but not all, events during a specific period

GENERALIZED AMNESIA

loss of memory for one's entire life history

CONTINUOUS AMNESIA

loss of memory for events from a specific time up to the present

SYSTEMATIZED AMNESIA

loss of memory for a specific category of information

DISSOCIATIVE FUGUE

memory loss resolves around a specific incident, an unexpected trip; the individuals just take off and later find themselves in a new place, unable to remember why and how they got there

DEPERSONALIZATION/DEREALIZATION DISORDER

persistent or recurrent experiences of depersonalization, derealization, or both

SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS

involve a clinically significant disturbance in a person's ability to respond sexually or to experience sexual pleasure

LIFELONG

present since the individual became sexually active

ACQUIRED DYSFUNCTION

developed after a period of relatively normal sexual functioning

GENERALIZED DYSFUNCTION

occurs in all or most sexual situations

SITUATIONAL DYSFUNCTION

occurs only in specific situations

DESIRE (LIBIDO)

initial phase characterized by sexual thoughts, fantasies, or the urge to have sex

EXCITEMENT (AROUSAL)

involves the body's initial responses to sexual stimulation, whether physical or mental

PLATEAU

represents the heightening of arousal, where the physical changes from the excitement phase become more intense and stabilize

ORGASM

the peak or climax of sexual excitement, characterized by a sudden release of accumulated sexual tension

RESOLUTION

the body gradually returns to its pre-aroused state

DELAYED EJACULATION

characterized by a marked delay in, marked infrequency of, or absence of ejaculation during sexual activity with a partner

ERECTILE DISORDER

characterized by marked difficulty in obtaining an erection during sexual activity, marked difficulty in maintaining an erection until the completion of sexual activity, and/or a marked decrease in erectile rigidity

FEMALE ORGASMIC DISORDER

characterized by persistent or recurrent delay in, infrequency of, or absence of orgasm, or markedly reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations

FEMALE SEXUAL INTEREST/AROUSAL DISORDER

characterized by a persistent or recurrent lack of sexual interest and/or lack of subjective sexual arousal or genital or nongenital sensations

GENITO PELVIC PAIN/PENETRATION DISORDER

characterized by persistent or recurrent difficulties with vaginal penetration during intercourse, marked vulvovaginal or pelvic pain, fear or anxiety, or tensing of pelvic floor muscles

MALE HYPOACTIVE SEXUAL DESIRE DISORDER

characterized by persistently or recurrently deficient (or absent) sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity

PREMATURE (EARLY) EJACULATION

characterized by a persistent or recurrent pattern of ejaculation occurring during partnered sexual activity within approximately one minute following vaginal penetration and before the individual wishes it to occur

PARAPHILIC DISORDERS

characterized by intense and persistent sexual interests other than normative sexual interests that cause distress or impairment to the individual or involve personal harm or risk of harm to others

VOYEURISTIC DISORDER

sexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity

EXHIBITIONISTIC DISORDER

sexual arousal from the exposure of one's genitals to an unsuspecting person

FROTTEURISTIC DISORDER

sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person

SEXUAL MASOCHISM DISORDER

sexual arousal from the act of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer

SEXUAL SADISM DISORDER

sexual arousal from the physical or psychological suffering of another person

PEDOPHILIC DISORDER

sexual arousal from sexual activity with prepubescent children. the individual must be at least 16 years old and at least five years old older than the child

FETISHISTIC DISORDER

sexual arousal from nonliving objects or non-genital body parts

TRANSVESTIC DISORDER

sexual arousal from cross-dressing, with significant distress or impairment.

ZOOPHILIA

sexual attraction to animals

NECROPHILIA

sexual attraction to corpses

TELEPHONE SCATOLOGIA

sexual arousal from making obscene phone calls

UROPHILIA

sexual arousal involving urine

COPROPHILIA

sexual arousal involving feces

KLISMAPHILIA

sexual arousal involving enemas

GENDER DYSPHORIA

refers to a conflict between a person's physical or assigned gender at birth and the gender with which they deeply identify (at least 6 months)