cell signaling

The first stage of cell signaling where a target cell detects a signal molecule is called __________.

Reception

The conversion of the signal to a form that can cause a cellular response is known as __________.

Transduction

In cell signaling, the specific response to a signal molecule is referred to as __________.

Response

The shape change of a receptor after a signaling molecule binds to it is considered the first step of __________.

Transduction

The type of receptor that is found inside the cytoplasm or nucleus is called __________ receptors.

Intracellular

The type of receptor that is located on the surface of the cell membrane is known as __________ receptors.

Plasma Membrane

A _________ is a signaling molecule that binds to a receptor, causing it to change shape.

ligand

An example of a membrane receptor that uses a G protein is __________ receptor.

G-Protein Coupled

The process where a ligand binds to a receptor and activates a G protein is the first step in the __________ pathway.

G-Protein Coupled Receptor

Cyclic AMP is considered a __________ messenger because it amplifies the original signal from the ligand.

second

The __________ cascade is a process where protein kinases phosphorylate many proteins to amplify a signal.

phosphorylation

Signal molecules that cannot pass through the cell membrane typically bind to __________ receptors because they are large or polar.

plasma membrane

Steroid hormones like testosterone are non-polar and typically bind to __________ receptors.

intracellular