Intro to Speech Final Exam Cram Sheet Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering communication apprehension, delivery skills, cognitive load theory, data management, and argumentation based on the speech final exam cram sheet.

Communication Apprehension

Fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication.

Trait-Like Apprehension

A type of communication apprehension characterized by physical symptoms including sweating, shaking, dry mouth, losing breath control, and the mind going blank.

Generalized Context

A type of communication apprehension involving "What if…" thinking and overthinking possible outcomes.

Person-Group Anxiety

Anxiety caused by audience perception and the fear of judgment.

Situational Apprehension

Anxiety caused by a combination of multiple factors.

Competence

The audience's evaluation of whether the speaker knows what they are talking about.

Warmth

The audience's evaluation of whether they trust or like the speaker, signaled by smiling and eye contact.

Good Stance

Positioning feet shoulder-width apart with balanced posture to project confidence.

Steepling

A recommended hand position where the hands are visible at the waist level.

One Thought, One Person

An eye contact technique where the speaker delivers one complete thought to one audience member before moving to another.

Gracious Host Technique

Treating the audience as guests rather than judges.

Articulation

Speaking clearly and avoiding mumbling.

Pause

A delivery skill that gives the audience processing time.

Cognitive Load Theory

The theory that people have limited mental processing capacity.

Working Memory Capacity

Approximately $7$ items at one time.

Extraneous Load

A type of cognitive load consisting of existing thoughts, stress, worries, and distractions.

Intrinsic Load

A type of cognitive load consisting of new information, facts, statistics, and concepts.

Germane Load

A type of cognitive load representing learning, retention, and memory formation.

Cognitive Load Formula

$$\text{Extraneous} + \text{Intrinsic} + \text{Germane} = 100\%$$

Hard Data

Information consisting of statistics, facts, ratios, equations, charts, and graphs.

Soft Data

Information consisting of stories, narratives, examples, analogies, questions, human faces, and visuals.

Ideal Data Ratio

The recommendation to use $4$ soft data points for every $1$ hard data point.

Schemas

Mental frameworks used to organize information, built through repetition, reframing, and familiar examples.

System 1 (Elephant)

The part of Dual Process Theory that is fast, intuitive, emotional, habitual, and requires little effort.

System 2 (Rider)

The part of Dual Process Theory that is slow, analytical, rational, deliberate, and requires effort.

Curiosity Card

Showing genuine interest by asking questions like "Really?", "Why?", "Tell me more.", or "What happened next?"

Proxemics

The use of physical space where being closer creates personal connection and being further is formal.

Synchronicity

Also called mirroring; the act of matching the audience's energy, tone, posture, and body language.

Motion Analysis

The process of breaking down and understanding a debate motion using a 7-step process.

Motion of Fact

A debate motion answering the question "Is it true?" based on research claims and objective statements.

Motion of Policy

A debate motion answering the question "What should be done?" involving actions like banning, legalizing, or abolishing.

Motion of Value

A debate motion answering the question "Is it good or bad?" based on fairness, morality, ethics, and principles.

Argument Structure

The hierarchy consisting of an Idea (main claim), Premise (reason), and Evidence (proof).

Block

A rebuttal technique that directly attacks an argument.

Parry

A rebuttal stating that even if the argument is true, harms still exist.

Riposte

A rebuttal that presents a superior alternative.