history exam 3 study

did the Spanish influenza emerge in Spain?

no; in the United States

what was the Comintern?

a worldwide association of Communists sworn to revolution in capitalist countries

the Great War created what in many Americans?

hyper-nationalism

what does “Red Summer” mean?

it describes white supremacist mob violence in 1919

who coined the term Red Summer?

James Weldon Johnson

what was the worst incident of “Red Summer”?

the Elaine Massacre; 100-230 black residents killed by white supremacists

what is nativism?

prizing white Americans with older family trees over more recent immigrants

what happened in the case of Sacco and Vanzetti?

Italian immigrants who were accused of being part of a robbery and murder in Braintree, Massachusetts; no evidence linked them to the crime but were still executed

where was the second wave of the Ku Klux Klan started?

Indiana

by 1924, how many members did the Ku Klux Klan have?

6 million

where was “Black Wall Street” located?

in Tulsa, Oklahoma - Greenwood District

what caused Black Wall Street?

Jim Crow laws in Oklahoma

what specifically increased US mobility and fostered new industries?

mass production, especially of the automobile

what is “the Roaring Twenties” aka “the Jazz Age”

the mixture of social, political, economic, and cultural change

what was the most significant innovation from the 1920’s era?

Henry Ford’s Model T

what specifically was special about the Model T?

it was an assembly line which revolutionized industrial work

from 1915-1920 _______ African Americans boarded trains for the North (Philadelphia, Detroit, Chicago, etc)

500,000

where was Jazz music born?

in African American communitites

what did Harlem become?

the center for Afro-centric art, music, poetry, and politics

who coined the term the New Negro?

Alain Locke

what was the Harlem Renaissance?

an African American cultural revolution in arts, literature, poetry, theater, etc.

what are the three major reasons for the upsurge of nationalism in Asia and Africa?

it provided the most effective means of organizing anti imperialist resistance, it called for fundamental changes and challenged old political and social parties and beliefs, and it offered a vision of a free and prosperous future

what was the dark side of nationalism?

it stimulated bitter conflicts and wars between peoples; also stirred conflicts between relatively homogeneous peoples in large states and heightened tensions between ethnic or religious groups between states

what is a result of the Balfour Declaration?

it is the origin of Israel as a nation as we know it

what was the Lucknow Pact?

forged a powerful united front of Hindus and Muslims and called for India to be put on equal footing with self governing British dominions like Canada and Australia

what occurred during the Amritsar Massacre?

English commander had banned all public meeting, but there was an Indian holiday so 10,000 people gathered in the town square. English general brought troops out and ordered them to fire into the crowd until ammunition ran out

what caused a massive economic depression?

the American stock market crash of 1929

what was the American stock market boom built on?

borrowed money

the wealth gap between America’s rich and poor reached its greatest extent in the ____ century

20th

financial chaos in the US caused a drastic decline in production worldwide, and world output goods fell by ___

38%

the need for large scale government spending was tied to ____ ___________

mass unemployment

what were Hoovervilles?

homeless shantytowns; hoover blankets were newspapers that the homeless used to keep warm

Farmers and ranchers were hit the hardest during what?

the Great Depression

what was the Works Progress Administration (1930)?

employed 1/5 of the entire US labor force at some point in the 1930s

in 1935, the US government established a national _____ _____ ______

social security system

Congress agreed to allow warring nations to buy arms in _________

November 1939

what happened at at the Versailles Palace ?

70 delegates from 27 nations attended the opening of the Paris Peace Conference

what was Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points?

Wilson offered a vision of the world: national self-determination for the peoples of Europe and the Ottoman Empire

what does Article 22 of the League of Nations Covenant state?

colonial territories “inhabited by peoples incapable of governing themselves” should be assigned to “developed nations”

what was the Popular Front?

Communist, Socialist, and Radical Parties in France formed an alliance

The Depression hit vulnerable commodity economies of ______ ________ especially hard

Latin America

the depression provoked a profound shift toward economic nationalism after ____

1930

The Great Depression marked a decisive turning point in the development of ______ nationalism

African

Asia’s heavy dependence on ___ ______ _______ put it in a precarious position once global markets became turbulent

raw material exports

six key features of modern totalitarian states:

• An official ideology

• A single ruling party

• Complete control of “all weapons of armed combat”

• Complete monopoly of all means of mass communication

• A system of terror, physical and psychic, enforced by the party and the secret police

• Central control and direction of the entire economy

who was Benito Mussolini

began as a Socialist Party leader, but was expelled for supporting World War I – wounded in war, he returned home and began organizing war veterans into a band of Fascists (“a union of forces”)

what was the Weimar Republic?

when Germany was governed by the Weimar Republic

what did nazism grow out of?

nationalism and racism

what was Mein Kampf?

Hitler’s book about his ideas on race

who did Hitler blame the Reichstag building being destroyed by?

the communist party

what was Kristallnacht?

the Nazis initiated a series of attacks against Jews throughout Germany

what did rearmament do for Germany?

helped their employment rates

what was the new French government called?

Vichy government

what allowed Hitler to crush Poland in four weeks?

blitzkrieg

in the New Order, who received preferential treatment?

Dutch, Norwegians, Swedes, and Danes

what did congress agree to in November 1939?

to allow warring nations to buy arms

what was the Tripartite Pact?

a defensive alliance between Japan, Germany, and Italy

what happened on December 7, 1941

the attack on Pearl Harbor

what was the result/destruction of pearl harbor?

it sank most of the fleet’s battleships, killed more than 2,400 Americans and almost crippled US war capacity in the Pacific

what was a common saying on american posters about espionage?

“loose lips sink ships”

what happened to japanese americans as a result of the attack on pearl harbor?

they were put in internment camps

what was the Executive Order 9066?

it sent all Americans of Japanese descent to 10 makeshift internment camps

was any case of subversion by a Japanese American ever uncovered ?

no

what was the Double V campaign?

it sought victory over our enemies at home and victory over our enemies on the battlefield abroad

what was the Executive Order 8801?

created the Committee on Fair Employment Practices to investigate and prevent discrimination

what did General Douglas MacArthur lead?

attacked the Japanese in the Phillipines

what did Admiral Chester W. Nimitz lead

sailed his fleet to retake Japanese held island in the Pacific; led the Battle of Midway which reversed the balance of power in the Pacific

what was the Second Front assault called that FDR and Churchill agreed to in May 1944?

Overlord

who launched D-Day?

Dwight Eisenhower

what happened on D-Day (June 6,1944)

Allied soldiers finally succeed in securing the beachhead

what was the GI Bill of rights?

gave military veterans government funds for housing, education, and health care, as well as loans to start businesses and buy homes

who won the 1944 presidential campaign?

FDR over Thomas Dewey

who else was sent to concentration camps other than Jews?

religious and political dissenters, homosexuals, and those deemed too weak to work

what did the World Jewish Congress ask for the allies to do?

bomb the death camps and the railroad tracks leading to them

where in japan did the US drop bombs?

Nagasaki and Hiroshima

what was the Cold War?

the contest between the United States and the Soviet Union

how did the Cold War first emerge?

over clashing Soviet and American interests

what type of bomb was completed by the US in 1954, and the Soviets in 1955?

the hydrogen bomb

what countries made up NATO, and what was its purpose?

US, Canada, and Western Europeans; designed to counter the Soviet threat

what allotted for a country to be referred to as “third world”?

countries that won their independence that were not aligned with the US or USSR

what did McCarthy claim to have?

list of hundreds of federal employees who were actually Communist spies (was fully fake)

what did the House Un-American Activities Committee do?

investigated individuals’ political associations and assumed the guilt of those who refused to cooperate

what did the ruling of Brown v Board of Education do?

removed segregation in schools

what was the boycott of the city bus service civil rights movement called?

the Montgomery Bus Boycott

who were the little rock nine?

nine black kids in arkansas who enrolled in a “white” high school

what term implies that the civil rights movement is not a natural, homegrown movement?

outside agitator

what was the Sputnik 1?

the Soviet’s release of the first artificial Earth satellite; beat the US

Richard Nixon and Nikita Khruschev debated what at the American National Exhibition?

he benefits of capitalism versus communism