US History - Final Review Study Guide

Did John Marshall help establish federal or state power/supremacy?

He helped establish federal power/supremacy.

What was the difference on views on government power between Federalists and Democratic Republicans?

Federalists supported a stronger national government, while Democratic Republicans favored more state power.

What was the purpose of the Lewis and Clark expedition?

To explore the Louisiana Territory and find a water route to the Pacific Ocean.

What were the findings of the Lewis and Clark expedition?

They mapped the territory, studied plants and animals, and established relations with Native Americans.

What was the impact of the Louisiana Purchase?

It doubled the size of the U.S. and encouraged westward expansion.

How did the Louisiana Purchase contribute to Manifest Destiny?

It provided land for Americans to expand westward.

How did the Louisiana Purchase create a new debate over slavery?

It raised questions about whether slavery would be allowed in new territories.

What were the three parts of the American System?

Protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements.

What region did many people feel benefited most from the American System?

The North.

What region was very much against the American System?

The South.

What issue did the Missouri Compromise hope to resolve?

The extension of slavery in new territories.

Was the Missouri Compromise a permanent fix or only temporary?

It was only a temporary solution.

What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?

To warn European nations not to colonize or interfere in the Americas.

How did the Monroe Doctrine show influence and control over the Western Hemisphere?

It warned Europe against interfering in the Western Hemisphere.

What was the purpose of expanding transportation in relation to the economy?

To move goods and people more efficiently and increase trade.

The majority of railroads and canals connected what regions?

Manufacturing regions in the North and agricultural regions in the West.

What changes were made to voting requirements during the Jacksonian Era?

Property requirements for voting were lowered or eliminated.

What was a result of more citizens becoming involved in democracy?

The creation of the two-party system.

What are examples of Jackson going against the Constitution or abusing power?

The Bank War, Indian Removal, and the use of pet banks.

Was the spoils system unconstitutional?

No.

What political party formed against Jackson?

The Whig Party.

What was the significance and goal of the Seneca Falls Convention?

It was the first major women's rights convention and called for greater equality.

What rights did women ask for in the Declaration of Sentiments?

The right to vote and equal rights under the law.

Did the Declaration of Sentiments ask for women to hold office?

No.

Why did Dorothea Dix advocate for change in prisons and asylums?

She wanted better treatment and conditions for prisoners and the mentally ill.

How did the Second Great Awakening serve as a catalyst for reform movements?

It inspired people to improve society through social reform.

What was Horace Mann's goal for public education?

To educate the masses and create better citizens.

How did Horace Mann propose funding education?

Through taxes.

Why did the Temperance Movement try to rid society of alcohol?

Because alcohol was linked to crime, poverty, and family problems.

What effect did Nat Turner's Rebellion have on the South?

It increased fears that enslaved people could rebel and take over plantations.

Who had the most political and economic power in the South?

The planter class (plantation owners).

Were plantation owners the majority of the Southern population?

No, most Southerners lived on small farms.

Why did the government want to acquire all of the Oregon Territory?

To expand westward and gain access to valuable land and resources.

What was the result of the conflict with Britain over Oregon?

The Oregon Territory was divided at the 49th parallel.

How did the California Gold Rush populate the West and diversify the U.S.?

It attracted large numbers of settlers and immigrants.

New immigrants during the Gold Rush came from where?

China, Latin America, Europe, and other parts of the world.

What was Manifest Destiny?

The belief that the United States was destined to expand across North America.

Who did Americans believe gave them this right?

God.

How were many states and borders created during the 1800s?

Through diplomacy and war.

What key question developed whenever new land was gained?

Whether slavery would be allowed in the new territory.

What issue surrounded bringing slaves into the territories gained from Mexico?

Whether slavery would be allowed in those territories.

Which Compromise of 1850 provision appealed to Southerners?

The Fugitive Slave Act.

Which Compromise of 1850 provision appealed to Northerners?

The ban on the slave trade in Washington, D.C.

What were the goals of abolitionists?

To end slavery and help enslaved people gain freedom.

Why did Southerners think slavery was a positive social good?

They believed it supported the economy and social order.

What did the Supreme Court establish about the rights of enslaved people in Dred Scott?

Enslaved people were not citizens and had no constitutional rights.

How did the Dred Scott decision increase sectionalism?

It angered many Northerners and deepened divisions between North and South.

What state seceded a month after Lincoln's election?

South Carolina.

What did many people believe Lincoln's election meant for slavery?

That slavery would eventually be restricted or ended.

What was a major Union advantage?

A larger population and more soldiers.