A&P 3.2 (Body movements and muscle names)

movement is attained by muscular ____ and ____ a bone

Contraction

Pulling

MUSCLES ONLY PULL THEY DO NOT ___

push

attachment to an immovable bone

Origin

attachment to a movable bone

insertion

what are the five golden rules of skeletal muscle activity

1. With a few exceptions, all skeletal muscles cross at least one joint

2. Typically, the bulk of a skeletal muscle lies proximal to the joint crossed

3. all skeletal muscles have at least two attachments, the origin and the insertion

4. skeletal muscles can only pull they never push

5. During contraction, a skeletal muscle insertion moves toward the origin

to reduce the angle between the two bones less than 180°

Flexion

to increase the angle between the two bones up to 180°

Extension

to increase the angle further than the normal position greater than 180°

Hypertension

to move away from the longitudinal axis of the body (normal standing position)

Abduction

to move back toward the normal position

Adduction

to draw a large circle

Circumduction

to turn around an axis

• Left or right

• Inward or outward

rotation

Palm up

Supination of the hand

palm down

Pronation of the hand

what are the ankle joint’s four normal ranges of movement

1. Inversion

2. eversion

3. Dorsi flexion

4. Plantar flexsion

inversion

eversion

dorsi flexsion

plantar flexsion

.point toe away from shin

plantar flexsion

Point toe towards shin

dorsi flexsion

so a foot turns in (medially) ankle rolls ( laterally)

Inversion of foot

soul turns laterally ankle rolls medially

eversion of foot

move inferiorly

Depression

move superiorly

Elevation

move anteriorly

Protraction

move posteriorly

Retraction

what are the 4 normal ranges of movement of the vertebral column?

1. Flexion

2. Hyperextension

3. Lateral flexion

4. Rotation

Flexion

Hypertension

Lateral flexion

Rotation

what are the four normal ranges of movement in the shoulder girdle?

1. Elevation

2. Depression

3. Adduction

4. Abduction

abduction

Adduction

Elevation

Depression