Biology Midterm Study Set: Key Terms & Definitions

A pathologic lesion found frequently in 30-year-old black women that requires a radiographic image and historical data for diagnosis is termed

periapical cemento-osseous

Regional odontodysplasia is a rare, localized developmental anomaly of the dental hard tissues of a group of contiguous teeth. Many cases are probably misdiagnosed as malformed teeth or odontomas.

Ghost teeth

personal history contributes to diagnosis found in black women 30-40 years old - teeth are vital

cemento-osseous dysplasia

*Describing the base of a lesion that is flat or broad instead of stemlike

*picture of a fibroma with a ______ base

Sessile

What is the radiographic appearance of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia in its earliest stage?

Radiolucent

Radiopaque

Radiolucent and radiopaque

Cotton-wool radiolucencies

Radiolucent

What is an area that is usually distinguished by a color different from that of the surrounding tissue? It is flat and does not protrude above the surface of the normal tissue.

Macule (ex: a freckle)

*A circumscribed, elevated lesion that is more than 5 mm in diameter. Usually contains serous fluid, and looks like a blister.

It is associated with ____.

Bulla (plural)/

erythema multiforme

acute self-limited disease that affects skin and mucous membranes

erythema multiforme

a freckle is a _____

Macule

A small, circumscribed lesion usually less than 1 cm in diameter. It is elevated or protrudes above the surface of normal surrounding tissue.

Papule

It is a small bump.

*picture is of Linhen planus

Variously sized circumscribed elevations containing pus

Pustules

condyloma acuminatum (genital warts)

Pink, papillary lesion(s), more diffuse than papilloma

lesion that appears as a result of human papilloma virus; on the skin, lesions appear as cauliflower-like warts, and on mucous membranes, they have a flat appearance; also known as venereal or genital warts

a lesion with borders that are not well defined, making it impossible to detect the exact parameters of the lesion, treatment can be difficult depending on biopsy results

Diffuse

Supernumerary tooth between two permanent maxillary central incisors

Mesiodens

Localized Juvenile Spongiotic Gingivitis

Distinct subtype of gingivitis that does not respond to local plaque control. Appears as papillary or velvety, red nodule that bleeds easily

loss of tooth surface in the cervical area, caused by tooth grinding compression forces

Abfraction

an abnormal bend or curve, as in the root of a tooth

Dilaceration

Actinomycosis (lumpy jaw)

Draining abscesses, "sulfur granules"

multiple areas of well demarcated swelling of skin

may be itching

Urticaria (Hives)

lesions caused by diffuse swelling as a result of increased permeability of deeper blood vessels

Angioedema

Impetigo

Vesicles or bullae, more often on skin of face and extremities

Mucosal ulceration with bullae

Pemphigus Vulgaris

severe progressive autoimmune disease

intraepithelial blister formation resulting from acantholysis

Pemphigus Vulgaris

Syphilis

Primary (chancre), secondary (mucous patch), tertiary (gumma)

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

Multiple tiny vesicles that progress to form painful ulcers

Tuberculosis

Granulomatous lesions with primary infection to the lungs

white, plaquelike lesion on the oral mucosa that cannot be rubbed off or diagnosed as a specific disease

Leukoplakia

process by which parts of a whole join together, or fuse, to make one

Coalescence

Verruca vulgaris (common wart)

White, papillary exophytic lesion resembling a papilloma

chronic recurrent autoimmune disease

primarily oral ulcers

no sex predilection

Behçet syndrome

Hairy leukoplakia

Irregular corrugated white lesion most commonly occurring on the lateral border of the

tongue

Hairy Leukoplakia

a white rough patch that arises on the LATERAL tongue. Usually seen in immunocompromised and is due to EBV induced squamous cell hyperplasia. NOT pre-malignant.

Oral hairy leukoplakia

is a white, non-removable lesion of the lateral tongue caused by Epstein Barr Virus.

-Elongated filiform papillae that are white

-Result of either an increase in keratin or a decrease in normal desquamation

-Tell patient to brush gently to remove debris

White Hairy Tongue

-Papillae are brown to black b/c of chromogenic bacteria

-Tobacco, foods, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, chemical rinses contribute

-Tell patient to brush tongue gently with TB to remove debris

Black Hairy Tongue

-Appears as flat or slightly raised oval or rectangular erythematous area in the center of the tongue

-Can be associated with chronic infection with Candida albicans

-No treatment is needed but an antifungal can be used

Median Rhomboid Glossitis

What is a small, circumscribed lesion usually less than 1 cm in diameter? It is elevated or protrudes above the surface of normal surrounding tissue.

It is a small bump.

*picture is of Linhen planus

papule

is a cutaneous condition characterized by white to pinkish papules that occur diffusely in the oral cavity. It is caused by the human papilloma virus types 13 and 32.

Heck Disease

A benign lesion typically associated with pipe and/or cigar smoking; may also occur with cigarette smoking

- Appears as multiple keratotic circular papules on the palate.

- Due to an irritation of the minor salivary glands from the intense heat of smoking.

Nicotinic Stomatitis

a palpable cystic midline mass in the neck due to incomplete closure of the thyroglossal duct.

Thyroglossal duct cyst

developmental anomaly characterized by a shortened lingual frenum that limits movement of the tongue.

Can cause speech problems, periodontal defects, and problems with breast feeding.

More common in males

Ankyloglossia (tongue tie)

Union of teeth by cementum

Concrescence

Herpangina

Vesicles on the soft palate along with fever, malaise, sore throat, dysphagia, and

erythematous pharyngitis

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD)

Painful vesicles and ulcers that can occur anywhere in the mouth; present in epidemic

form in children younger than 5 years

Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis

Hyperplastic lymphoid tissue of the soft palate or tonsillar pillars appears as yellowish or

dark pink nodules

Measles (Rubeola)

Koplik spots in the oral cavity and skin rash that results from a paramyxovirus

Mumps

Epidemic parotitis characterized by bilateral swelling of the parotid glands

Pemphigus Vulgaris

*Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

butterfly rash on the bridge of the nose

Sjögrens syndrome

Xerostomia

Raynaud Phenomenon

Circulatory disorder

-Dorsal surface of the tongue has deep fissures or grooves

-Cause is unknown, genetics potentially

-Seen in 5% of pop

-Inform patient to brush tongue gently with TB to remove debris

-No treatment necessary

Fissured Tongue

Your patient comes in, and while you are doing the intraoral exam, you notice their tongue. What is the pathological name for the condition of this tongue?

-Appears with erythematous patches surrounded by white or yellow border

-Includes areas devoid of filiform papillae and distinct presence of fungiform papillae

Benign Migratory Glossitis (another name for geographic tongue)

Erythema Migrans

displays diffuse areas devoid of filiform papillae with erythematous patches surrounded by a yellow or white perimeter

Red flat areas of the dorsal tongue with yellow-white borders best describe which of the following conditions?

Geographic tongue or Erythema migrans

Also referred to as Geographic tongue (benign migratory glossitis), involves 2/3rds of the dorsal and lateral borders of the tongue

Erythema migrans (Geographic tongue (migratory glossitis))

Median rhomboid glossitis

is a form of candidiasis that manifests of a red, rhomboidal shaped patch on the mid-dorsal tongue.

White coated tongue

is the result of elongation of the filiform papilla. O

The dorsal tongue lesions marked by the arrows are best diagnosed as

trauma to a minor salivary duct.

The major cause of a mucocele is

Ranula

is a floor of mouth submucosal swelling caused by trauma to the sublingual gland.

Necrotizing sialometaplasia

results from ischemia and infarction of minor salivary glands and typically involves the palate.

A lesion formed when a salivary gland duct is severed and the mucous salivary gland secretion spills into the adjacent CT

Mucous Retention Lesion: Mucocele

Linea alba

refers to a white line seen along the occlusal plane and is the result of clenching

-Ectopic enamel

-Tooth enamel on the root surface (usually in the furcation)

Enamel Pearl

Localized macules of pigmentation caused by presence of melanin

Melanin pigmentation

-Pigment that gives colour to skin, eyes, hair, mucosa and gingiva

-Most common in dark skinned individuals

Melanin Pigmentation

Sessile nodule on gingival margin of the lingual aspects of the mand cuspids

Retrocuspid Papillia

Koplik spots

are erythematous macules with white necrotic centers that may occur in the oral cavity in patients with measles

Radiolucency in posterior mandible below mandibular canal due to lingual concavity of jaw

A _____usually presents as an oval radiolucency anterior to the angle of the ramus and inferior to the mandibular canal.

Stafne bone defect

Stafne bone cyst

a pseudocyst filled with salivary gland tissue and may be an extension of the sublingual gland. ct.

trauma

is one of the precipitating factors associated with minor aphthous ulcers and these ulcers do heal in 7 to 10 days.

The gingival enlargement in this patient is caused by a calcium channel blocker. Which one of the following medications is the cause?

Nifedipine

Seen by a patient taking nifedipine (Ca Channel blocker)

Gingival Enlargement by a calcium channel Blocker

Cancer caused by the human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) that mainly affects the skin and mucous membranes but may also cause extensive visceral organ involvement; also called malignant neoplasm of soft tissue

Kaposi sarcoma (KS)

Dilantin

is an anticonvulsant medication used to control seizures and other neurologic conditions that does cause gingival enlargement

Tetracycline

is an antibiotic responsible for discoloring teeth

Cyclosporine

is an immunosuppressant drug that also causes gingival enlargement, and is used to prevent rejection of organ transplants

Gingival enlargement

A medical history of a patient prescribed a calcium channel blocker may reveal which condition?

Outgrowths of dense bone found on lingual aspect of mandible in areas of the premolars above mylohyoid ridge

Mandibular Tori

-Exophytic growth of normal compact bone

-Observed clinically in midline of the hard palate

-Inherited, gradual formation

-More common in women

-Takes on various shapes and sizes, covered by normal soft tissue, can be lobulated

-No treatment, unless it interferes with speech, swallowing, or prosthetic appliance

Torus Palatinus

-Clusters of ectopic sebaceous glands

-Yellow lobules in clusters

-Common on vermillion border and buccal mucosa

-No treatment

Fordyce Granules

Nitroglycerin

Which does not cause gingival enlargement?

Nifedipine

The gingival enlargement in this patient is caused by a calcium channel blocker. Which one of the following medications is the cause?

Acute osteomyelitis

Acute osteomyelitis of the jaws commonly results from extension of a periapical abscess. Acute osteomyelitis can result from surgery, but this is not a common reaction. Acute osteomyelitis can result from fracture of the jaw, but again this is not a common reaction. Paget disease has been associated with chronic osteomyelitis.

Erythematous Candidiasis

is an erythematous, often painful mucosa that may be localized or generalized.

Thick, white, raised patches in the mouth

Candidiasis (Thrush)

Chronic atrophic candidiasis or denture stomatitis

presents as erythematous mucosa with lesions that vary from petechiae-like to more generalized and granular.

This granular, erythematous papillary surface of the palatal vault was caused by an ill-fitting suction area of a maxillary denture. Inflammatory soft tissue lesion; Papillary lesions under the MAXILLARY DENTURE, especially if denture is NEVER REMOVED; Excise tissue and remove denture

Papillary hyperplasia of the palate

NUG (Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivits)

The gingivae shown are painful and erythematous. The interdental papillae appear as punched-out, necrotic, cratering areas. The overall sloughing of the necrotic tissue appears as a pseudomembrane over the tissues. The patient experiences a foul odor and metallic taste. On the basis of these features, which condition is suspected?

Fusiform bacillus and Spirochete cause this, cratered papilla, and white tissue because of cell death

Pseudomembranous

A white curdlike material is present on the oral mucosa and can be wiped off. The underlying mucosa is erythematous and the patient experiences a burning sensation. Which type of candidiasis do you suspect?

tiny (1-2 mm)

resemble herpes simple ulcers

painful

occurs in groups

herpetiform aphthous ulcers

larger that 1 cm

deeper and longer lasting that minor

very painful

occurs in the posterior of the mouth more ofter

Major aphthous ulcers

Ulcerative lesion due to trauma- Healing usually lasts 7-14 days

Traumatic Ulcer

The most common form of recurrent herpes simplex infection is termed

Herpes Labialis

gingival lesions have been called desquamative gingivitis

cicatricial pemphigoid

A postoperative complication following tooth removal in which the blood clot is lost before healing can take place, leaving raw, exposed nerve endings

Alveolar Osteitis ("Dry Socket")

blister-like sores on the lips and adjacent facial tissue that are caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also known as cold sores or fever blisters

Herpes Labialis

Type 2 herpes simplex

is most commonly associated with genital infections.

Herpes simplex virus

causes primary herpetic gingivostomatitis and recurrent herpes simplex virus infections.