Bio Unit 1 test

classification of life, taxonomy, termites, microscopes

taxa order

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

humans taxa

domain eukarya, kingdom animalia, phylum chordata, class mammalia, order primate, family hominidae, genus Homo, species sapien

properties of life

order, reproduction, growth/development, response to environment, energy processing, regulation, evolutionary adaptation

connects eyepiece to nosepiece

body tube

connects body tube to base and supports upper parts of microscope

arm

bottom platform that supports whole microscope

base

lenses you look through at top of microscope; generally maginifies by 10x

ocular lenses

a cylinder that holds an ocular lens

eyepiece

the disc that holds the objective lenses; rotate it to switch between diff magnifications

nosepiece

the lenses closest to the specimen; provide main magnification of 4x, 10x, 40x, 100x

objective lenses

the smaller knob used to make tiny focus adjustments and sharpen image; only know used for focusing at higher magnification

fine adjustment knob

coarse adjustment knob

the larger knob that’s used first to bring specimen into focus; only used at lowest magnification

the flat platform where the microscope slide is placed

stage

knobs that move the slide left, right, forward, backward so you can view different parts of specimen

stage control knobs

hole in the stage that allows light through

aperture

lamp or mirror used to send light through the specimen

illuminator

lens system below stage tht focuses and concentrates light onto specimen

condenser

adjustable opening beneath stage that control amount of light passing through aperture

diaphragm

turns the microscope light on/off

light switch

a thin piece of glass used to hold the specimen

slide

metal prongs on the stage that can be placed on top of the slide to hold it in place

stage clips

adjusts intensity of illuminator

brightness dial

compound light microscope

color, lit from below, view living/nonliving specimen, 2d, low res, max mag = 1000x

stereoscope/dissecting scope

color, 3d, lit from above, larger and opaque specimen, max mag = x100

scanning electron microscope (sem)

study surface of specimen, 3d, black and white, high mag and res, nonliving specimen

transmission electron microscope (tem)

study internal structures of specimen, 2d, black and white, high mag and res, nonliving specimen

who created our system of biological naming?

Carl Linnaeus (18h c swedish naturalist)

Domains

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

why use scientific names?

solve issue of language differences, misnomers, ambiguity

termite workers

find food, feed colony, build nest

termite soldiers

defend colony

termite winged reproductives

mate and start new colonies, fly in swarms

king termite

former winged reproductive, grows colony by fertilizing queen’s eggs

queen termite

lays eggs, rules colony

qualitative data

obseravative

quantitative data

numerical

why do termites follow ink?

chemical 2-phenoxyethanol in bic ink, antenna mistake for pheromones and follow it thinking there’s a food source

parts of termites

antenna, mouth, head, thorax, legs, abdomen

pheremones from termites come from…

ventral surface on sternal glands on dorsal side of abdomen

levels of life

biosphere, ecoystem, community, population, organism, organs and organ systems, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule

emergent properties

properties that come from the interaction of the pieces of each level of natural world- “whole is greater than sum of its parts”

kingdoms of plants vs fungi vs animals

plants- produce food by photosynthesis, fungi- mostly decompose organic waste and absorb nutrients in cells, animals- find food by eating other organisms

hypothesis

proposed explanation for a set of observations

5 themes of bio

1. Evolution is core theme of bio (Darwin)

2. Life depends on flow of info (DNA, stimuli influence processes of life)

3. Structure and function are related (form fits function)

4. Life depends on transfer and transformation of energy/matter (input energy usually sun, consumer expends as heat)

5. Life depends on interactions with and between systems (emergent properties)

speciation

process of a species branching off into 2 or more species

morphological species concept

relies on physical traits

phylogenetic species concept

comapres DNA, physical traits, and biochemical pathways of species

biological species concept

defines species by ability to interbreed

heterotrophs

can’t make own food

autotrophs

produce own food