Ear

What is conductive hearing loss?

In the outer or middle ear usually caused by TM or cerumne, hard to hear soft sounds and loud sounds are muffled, bone greater than air.

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

Usually occurs after ear damage, hard to hear soft and loud sounds, air greater than bone so the ratio is the same but just quieter

What ear would the Weber test lateralize in conductive hearing loss?

lateralize to the affected ear aka you hear it louder in the affected ear

What ear would the Weber test lateralize in sonsoineural hearing loss?

Lateralize in the normal ear aka you would hear the tuning fork louder in the normal non affected ear

What is the auditory apparatus

Detects and transmits sound waves into signals that can be interpreted by the brain as hearing

What is the vestibular apparatus?

Detects and trams it’s head movements that are interpreted by the brain to maintain balance and space orientation

What does the auditory portion of the ear do for protection?

Muffles loud sound and is very semsitive

What is the outer ear characterized by?

Cerulean, tympanic membrane that seals off inner ear fork outer ear, and elastic cartilage

What is auricular hematoma known as?

Cauliflower ear,

What is the middle ear characterized by?

Stapes, malleus, eustachuian tube. And tensor tympani/stapedius

What is the relationship between with cochlea and the organ of corti?

The cochlea has CN 8 running through it. The nerve sends messages to the organ of corti

What is the organ of corti?

An inner ear organ within the cochlea that has a lot of hair cells which helps with audition

What is the stria vascularis ?

A region in the cochlea that secrets Nelly oh which has a lot of potassium unlike peri lymph

What is perilymph?

A liquid within the ear similar to plasma or CSF

What happens when hair cells are exposed to excessively loud noises?

The stereocilla are sheared and will not grow back. Issues with these structures can also be caused by drugs, genetics, trauma, or infections.

What is usher syndrome?

A genetic problem causing hearing loss AND vision loss, Rey rare

The vestibular apparatus is also known as?

The labyrinth, has both otolith organs and semicircular canals

What is the function of the macula in the labyrinth?

Sensing change sim linear movement

What macula are orientated where?

Saccular macula hair cells are oriented in the vertical plane

The utricular macula hair cells are in the horizontal plane

What is the Christa ampullares ?

A sturcture located at one end of each duct in the ear, responds to fluid movement, part of the vestibular apparatus

What is BPPV?

Otoliths are displaced in the canals, causing positional vertigo

What is meniers syndrome?

Caused by excess endosymbiosis, causes vertigo, vertigo, and hearing loss

What is vestibular scwannoma?

A CN 8 tumor causing balance issues and tinnitus

What is labrynthitis?

An inner ear infection, symptoms of vertigo and hearing loss

What is the cliniCal significance of the stria vascularis?

It secrets endosymbiosis which is high K potassium. This gradient drives hair cell depolarization. If ototoxic drugs are taken, the gradient is destroyed causing sensorineural hear loss