Regular Psychology Final Review DJC

Amygdala

Part of the limbic system responsible for processing emotions.

Arousal theory

States that individuals seek to maintain a certain level of stimulation to stay motivated.

Autonomic nervous system

Regulates involuntary bodily functions like heart rate and digestion.

BF Skinner

Associated with operant conditioning, where behavior is shaped by consequences.

Basal metabolic rate

The body's resting energy expenditure level.

Central nervous system

Comprises the brain and spinal cord.

Chemical sense

Includes the senses of smell and taste.

Classical conditioning

Involuntary learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a reflexive response.

Conditioned Response (CR)

Learned response to a conditioned stimulus.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Initially neutral stimulus that triggers a conditioned response.

Cones

Photoreceptor cells in the eye responsible for color vision.

Discrimination

Ability to differentiate between stimuli.

Drive reduction theory

Motivation theory suggesting individuals act to reduce internal drives like hunger.

Eardrum

Separates the outer and middle ear, transmitting sound vibrations.

Endocrine system

Network of glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions.

Frontal lobe

Brain region responsible for decision-making and planning.

Generalization

Responding to similar stimuli as the conditioned one.

Hormones

Chemical messengers that regulate bodily functions.

Humanistic perspective

Psychological approach emphasizing human potential and free will.

Hypothalamus

Brain region regulating the endocrine system and basic bodily functions.

Immune system

Body's defense system against infections and diseases.

Insulin

Hormone that regulates blood glucose levels.

Iris

Muscle controlling the size of the pupil in the eye.

Ivan Pavlov

Scientist known for his research on classical conditioning.

Kinesthesis

Sense of body position and movement.

Lens

Eye structure responsible for focusing light onto the retina.

Little Albert

Subject in a famous experiment on fear conditioning.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Theory outlining human needs from basic physiological to self-actualization.

Medulla

Part of the brainstem controlling vital functions like breathing and heartbeat.

Neuron

Basic unit of the nervous system transmitting information.

Neurotransmitter

Chemical messenger transmitting signals between neurons.

Neutral stimulus (NS)

Initially irrelevant stimulus that becomes associated with a conditioned response.

Obesity

Condition associated with excessive body weight and health risks.

Observational learning

Learning by observing others' behaviors.

Occipital lobe

Brain region responsible for processing visual information.

Operant conditioning

Learning through consequences for voluntary behaviors.

Pancreas

Gland secreting insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.

Parietal lobe

Brain region involved in processing sensory information.

Personality

Unique set of traits and characteristics defining an individual.

Pituitary gland

Master gland regulating other endocrine glands and growth.

Positive reinforcement

Adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior.

Projective tests

Subjective assessments used to explore personality traits.

Punishment

Consequence following a behavior to decrease its occurrence.

Reinforcement

Process of increasing a behavior through consequences.

Sensory cortex

Brain region processing sensory information.

Temporal lobe

Brain region responsible for auditory processing.

Thyroid

Endocrine gland involved in metabolism regulation.

Unconditioned response (UR)

Involuntary response to an unconditioned stimulus.

Unconditioned stimulus (US)

Stimulus that naturally triggers a response.

Visual cortex

Brain region responsible for processing visual stimuli.

Rods

Black and White (perifical) 

First layer of Hierarchy

Physiological Needs (food/water)

2nd layer of Hierarchy

Safety needs (shelter, locks, community, neighborhood)

3rd layer of Hierarchy

Belonging & love (community, to love and be loved, be a part of… ) 

4th layer of Hierarchy

Esteemed Needs (Independence, confidence, good grades) 

5th layer of Hierarchy

Self Actualization (Reaching one's fullest potential) 

6th layer of Hierarchy

Self Transcendence (Helping others, volunteering, finding meaning outside oneself) 

Nature Vs Nurture

Ultimate question on what makes you you, its found to be a several mix of both nature and nurture

Explain how the study of twins, adopted kids & and how it helps us understand this dilemma 

Draw Maslow's hierarchy of needs & relate to you, 

Done

Think about why we study twins

Tells us about the Nature Vs Nurture Dilemma